一次性搞定初中从句
初中阶段主要学习三在从句，宾语从句，定语从句，状语从句。从句的学习相对比较复杂，但是掌握点小技巧，就可以化繁为简，轻松搞定。下面跟着Stone老师一起来揭开从句的神秘面纱吧！
宾语从句总结
一、判断宾语从句：一般来说动词后面加一个句子就是宾语从句。由三种形式去判断，
动词后直接加句子（动词为及物动词）He says that he is good at English.（that后就是says的宾语从句）
2.介词后加句子（动词为不及物动词）
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.（whether后就是depend on的宾语 从句）
3.双宾语动词（可以构成 “~sb sth”的形式，如tell sb sth; show sb sth; ask sb sth）
My friend asked me what my favorite subject was.（what后就是asked me的宾语从句）
二、引导词：宾语从句的引导词可以分为三种情况：
1.that（从句为一个客观事实，that 可以省略）
The teacher told us (that) we would have a 3-day holiday next week.
2.whether/ if（从句为一个模棱两可的事，即可能是，可能不是）
I don’t know whether/if it will rain tomorrow.
3.特殊疑问词（从句为一个特殊疑问句）
Could you tell me how I can get to nearest post office?
PS:特殊疑问词要注意词性：代词和副词。代词要在从句中充当主语或宾语；副词要在从句中充当状语。
三、注意事项及考点：宾语从句主要从两点考察：语序（陈述语序）时态（主过从过；主非过，从任意）
在主语前方出现任何一种形式的动词（be动词、情态动词、助动词），即是疑问语序；把动词还原到主语的后方就是陈述语序了。
如 Is he Jim?（疑问语序） he is Jim（陈述语序）
Can he play basketball?（疑问） he can play basketball.（陈述）
Does he go to school by bike?（疑问）he goes to school by bike.（陈述）
当从句是一个客观真理时，不受主句时态限制，一律用一般现在时
The teacher said that the Earth travels around the Sun.
定语从句总结
一、定语修饰限定名词或代词，名词或代词后的句子就是定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词）。
This is the engineer whowill give us a talk on science.
先行词 关系代词 定语从句
二、英语中的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that
1. who，whom的用法：who 和 whom 指人，在从句中分别作主语、宾语。作动词宾语时常被省掉。在口语中可用who代替whom。
This is the boy (whom) I helped.
The young worker whoinvented this tool is her brother.
2. which的用法：which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是在非正式语体中可以省略。如：
The factory whichproduces these cars is very large.
This is the book (which) you want.
3. whose 的用法：whose指人或物，在从句中作定语，不可省略。Whose有时可用of which替换。
Do you live in the room whosewindow opens to the west? This is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class.
4. that的用法that既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，在非正式语体中常省略。
The letter (that) I received was from my father.
Wheat is a plant that/ whichis grown in the north of China. There were once six blind men that/ who lived in a village in India.
英语中的关系副词有when，where，why等。在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。
1. when的用法：when指时间、修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ in/ on which。
How can I forget the day when(=on which) I joined the Youth League?
I thought of the days when(=in which ) we studied together.
He came at a time whenthe students needed him.
2. where的用法：where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in/ on/ at which。如：
This is the farm where(=on which) my grandfather once worked. That is the place where (=in which) we lived two years ago.
3. why的用法：why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which。如：
I don’t know the reason why(=for which) you get so angry with me. Do you know the reason why he was late for school?
三、定语从句的翻译方法：一般来说可以先翻译定语从句，然后加到先行词前方，再用一个“的”连接。
This is the book that / which you want. 这就是 你想要的 那本书.
也可以翻译成两句话,用一个代词来指代,或者直接用原来的先行词.(阅读常用的翻译方式)
The young worker that / who invented this tool is her brother.
这个年轻的工人是他的哥哥.他(他的哥哥)发明了这个工具.
状语从句
状语从句的判断方式就是两句子都完整,主要是对句意和逻辑关系的考察,所以读懂句意是前提,然后依据逻辑关系选择合适的关联词.在这里主要对几个状语从句进行解析.
1.时间状语从句
引导词：when, while , as soon as , until, not…until，since
注意事项： while后从句用过去进行时；when既可用过去进行时也可用过去时;时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，也就是说主将从现
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
until 直到（动作结束）not…until 直到……才（动作开始）
I won’t come back until 10 o’clock.(直到十点才回来)
The father waits until the children fall asleep.(一直等到孩子们睡着)
Since自从，后接一个过去的时间点，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时
I have had this book since I was five years old.
2．条件状语从句 引导词：if, unless
If翻译成如果，unless（=if not）翻译成如果不,除非
注意事项：条件状语从句要主将从现，判断前半句的条件能否推出后面的结果
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
Unless it rains tomorrow, I won’t stay at home.
3让步状语从句 引导词：although, though, even though, even if
注意事项：前后两半句是一个转折的关系， 只要出现了though就不能与but连用，但是可以互换。
Although he is young, he knows a lot.(从句)
He is young, but he knows a lot.（并列句）
4.目的状语从句
引导词：so that, in order that
注意事项：目的状语从句都可以简单的翻译成“为了”
注意与结果状语从句的so…that的区分
I got up early so that I can catch the bus.
=I got up early in order that I can catch the bus.
=I got up early in order to catch the bus
PS:in order to 后要加动词原形， 而in order that后要加从句
In order to 也可以理解为to do 不定式做目的状语，所以原句又可以改为
I got up early to catch the bus.(to do 表目的)
5.结果状语从句
引导词：so…that,such ...that
注意事项：so…that 翻译成“如此……以至于”so后接形容词, such后接名词
注意与目的状语从句的区别
so…that可以与too…to, not…enough to 互换，但前者是引导的从句，后两者to 后要加动词原形。
The boy in red is so young that he can’t dress himself
=The boy in red is not old enough to dress himself
=The boy in red is too young to dress himself.
=He is such a young boy that he can't dress himself.
PS:注意too…to 结构中，要翻译成“太……而不
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