24考研题源外刊阅读《科学新闻》双语精读版训练-- “骤旱”或成气候新常态

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　　全文字数：1858字

　　阅读时间：20分钟

　　上期划线句答案

　　In some of India’s regions, the populationisstill growing too fast for their economies, producing many more able-bodied young people than there are jobs to occupy them.

　　在印度的一些地区，人口增长对当地经济来说仍然过快，工作机会的增长远赶不上身体健康的年轻人数量的增长。

　　producing... 现在分词作伴随状语

　　本期内容

　　双语阅读

　　Most major droughts have tended to occur over seasonal or yearly timescales, resulting from variability in large-scale climate patterns such as El Ni?o. But in roughly the last six decades, there has been a transition toward more droughts that form over just a few weeks with little warning in most of the world, researchers report in the April 14 Science.

　　受厄尔尼诺等大规模气候现象变化的影响，大多数重大干旱往往在经过一个季度甚至一年时间才会发生。但研究人员4月14日在《科学》杂志上发表的研究表示，在过去的大约60年里，世界上大部分地区的干旱模式发生了变化，这些干旱仅仅在几周内就会形成，而且几乎没有任何预警。

　　Some flash droughts develop into seasonal ones, yet even those that do not can cause significant damage to agriculture and contribute to other extreme weather events such as wildfires and heat waves. In the summer of 2012, a severe flash drought across the United States caused over $30 billion in damages. Many affected areas transformed from normal conditions to extreme drought within a month, and no climate models predicted it.

　　一些突发性干旱会发展成季节性干旱，但即使那些没有发展成季节性干旱的，也会对农业造成重大损害，并导致例如野火和热浪等其他极端天气。2012年夏天，一场席卷美国的严重干旱造成了超过300亿美元的损失。许多受影响的地区在不到一个月的时间里从正常状况转变为极端干旱，没有任何一个气候模型预测到了这一点。

　　Previous research has suggested that flash droughts are on the rise in some areas. But it was unclear whether they were replacing slower-onset droughts, meaning the usually slow droughts were coming on faster, or if both fast- and slow-onset droughts were increasingin tandem.

　　此前有研究表明，某些地区发生突发性干旱的情况正在增加。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~

　　As with most droughts, a period of low rainfall is still the main driver of flash droughts. But excessiveevapotranspiration— water moving into the atmosphere fromsoiland plants — plays a key role in these droughts’ emergence by drying out soils quickly, the analysis shows. Flash droughts happen two to three times as often in humid regions such as northwest North America, Europe and southern China as elsewhere, the study found.

　　与大多数干旱一样，持续一段时间的低降雨量仍然是突发性干旱的主要驱动因素。但是分析显示，过度的蒸散作用——水分从土壤和植物蒸发到大气中——导致土壤迅速变干，在导致出现干旱的过程发挥了关键作用。研究发现，在北美西北部、欧洲和中国南部等潮湿地区，突发性干旱发生的频率是其他地区的两到三倍。

　　Predicting flash droughts is challenging as current monitoring systems often cannot capture their onset at short enough time scales. “We have to improve these systems,” Yuan says, by exploring the mechanisms behind flash droughts and improving simulations, perhaps with the help of artificial intelligence. Dealing with these droughts isn’t just about having a better tool set, Svoboda says, but also a different mind-set. “It is human nature not to deal with drought until you’re in it. Instead, we advocate that drought be dealt withproactivelyinstead of reactively.”

　　预测突发性干旱是有挑战性的，因为目前的监测系统通常无法在短时间内捕捉到干旱的发生。“我们必须对系统进行完善，”袁说，方式为探索突发性干旱背后的机制，进行完善模拟，也许还可以借助人工智能的帮助。索博达说，应对这些干旱不仅需要有更好的工具，还需要一种不同的思维方式。他说:“人类的本性是在自己陷入干旱之前不去应对它。相反，我们提倡主动应对干旱，而不是被动应对。”

　　本文节选自：Science News（科学新闻）

　　发布时间：2023.04.13

　　作者：Richard Kemeny

　　原文标题：‘Flash droughts’ are growing increasingly common

　　词汇积累

　　1. scale

　　/ske?l/

　　n. 天平，磅秤; 等级，级别; 刻度，标度; 规模，范围; 鳞，鳞片; 水垢; 音阶; 进位制

　　v. 改变(文字、图片)的尺寸大小; 刮去(鱼鳞); 攀登，翻越; (成片状)脱落，剥落; (数量，财产) 按一定比例调节; 称得重量为

　　2.evapotranspiration

　　/??v?p???tr?nsp??re???n/

　　n.蒸散；土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量

　　3. soil

　　/s??l/

　　n. 泥土，土壤; (可供某物发展的)土壤，温床; 国土，领土; 耕作，务农

　　v. 弄脏，玷污

　　4. proactively

　　/pro???kt?vli/

　　adv.前摄地；主动地

　　词组搭配

　　1.in tandem 一前一后地；协力地

　　写作句总结

　　As with most droughts, a period of low rainfall is still the main driver of flash droughts.

　　结构：As with most …, a period of … rainfall is still the main driver of ….

　　与大多数…一样，持续一段时间的…降雨量仍然是突发性…的主要驱动因素。

　　例句：As with most floods, a period of heavy rainfall is still the main driver of flash floods.

　　阅读理解题

　　What is the main challenge in predicting flash droughts, according to the article?

　　A. The fact that flash droughts occur over just a few weeks with little warning.

　　B. The inability of current monitoring systems to capture their onset at short enough time scales.

　　C. The uncertain relationship between slow-onset droughts and fast-onset droughts.

　　D. The excessive evapotranspiration driven by low rainfall.

　　B

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