24考研题源外刊阅读《卫报》双语精读版训练--农业滥用抗生素，对人体免疫造成严重

　　为了让大家第一时间看到优质考研内容

　　千万！千万！千万！

　　记得【星标】或【置顶】考研外刊阅读

　　每晚21:00，外刊君陪你考研

　　中国高翻团队倾力之作

　　全文字数：1566字

　　阅读时间：15分钟

　　上期划线句答案

　　In the 1960s the focus of Japanese firmswason exploration for oil, the supply of natural resources and producing industrial goods in countries with import-substitution policies.

　　20世纪60年代，日本公司（在东南亚地区）的重点是寻找石油、获取自然资源并在采取进口替代政策的国家生产工业品。

　　本期内容

　　双语阅读

　　Theblanketuse of antibiotics in farming has led to the emergence of bacteria that are more resistant to the human immune system, scientists have warned. The research suggests that the antimicrobialcolistin, which was used for decades as a growth promoter on pig and chicken farms, resulted in the emergence of E coli strains that are more likely to evade our immune system’s first line of defence.

　　科学家们警告说，在农业中大范围使用抗生素已经导致对人类免疫系统具有更强抵抗力的细菌出现。研究表明，几十年来在养猪场和养鸡场作为生长促进剂使用的抗菌剂——粘菌素，导致出现了更有可能对第一道免疫防线实现免疫逃逸的大肠杆菌。

　　The findings could also have significant implications for the development of new antibiotic medicines in the same class as colistin, known asantimicrobial peptides(AMPs), which the scientists suggest could pose a particular risk of compromising innate immunity. AMPs are compounds produced by most living organisms in their innate immune response, which is the first line of defence against infection.

　　翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~抗菌肽是大多数生物体在其先天免疫反应中产生的化合物，这是抵御感染的第一道防线。

　　The extensive use of colistin in livestock from the 1980s triggered the emergence and spread of Ecoli bacteria carrying colistin resistance genes, which eventually prompted widespread restrictions on the drug’s use in agriculture. But the latest study suggests the same genes also allowpathogensto more readily evade AMPs that form a cornerstone of our own immune response.

　　从20世纪80年代开始，粘菌素在牲畜中大范围使用导致携带粘菌素耐药基因的大肠杆菌出现并传播，这最终促使该药物在农业领域的使用受到广泛限制。但最新的研究表明，同样的基因也使病原体更容易逃避构成我们自身免疫反应基础的抗菌肽。

　　In the study, E coli carrying a resistance gene, called MCR-1, were exposed to AMPs known to play important roles in innate immunity in chickens, pigs, and humans. The scientists found that E coli carrying the MCR-1 gene were at least twice as resistant to being killed by humanserum. On average, the gene increased resistance to human and animal AMPs by 62% compared with bacteria that lacked the gene.

　　在这项研究中，携带抗性基因（MCR-1）的大肠杆菌接触过在已知在鸡、猪和人类的先天免疫中发挥重要作用的抗菌肽。科学家们发现，携带MCR-1基因的大肠杆菌对被人类血清杀死的抵抗力至少是（未携带的）两倍。平均而言，与未携带该基因的细菌相比，带有该基因使细菌对人类和动物抗菌肽的抵抗力增加了62%。

　　MacLean said it was not possible to estimate how this might translate into real-world consequences, such as the risk of an E coli infection leading tosepsisand death. And the prevalence of these strains of E coli have dropped steeply since some countries banned the use of colistin as a growth promoter, suggesting that these genes carry other “fitness disadvantages” for the pathogens. However, the findings highlight a fundamental risk that has not yet been extensively considered.

　　麦克莱恩说，不太可能评估这件事对现实世界造成何等后果，比如大肠杆菌感染导致败血症和死亡的风险。自从一些国家禁止把粘菌素用作生长促进剂以来，这些大肠杆菌菌株的传播率急剧下降，这表明这些基因对病原体具有其他“适应性劣势”。然而，该研究的发现仍然突出了目前尚未得到广泛考量的基本风险。

　　本文节选自：The Guardian（卫报）

　　发布时间：2023.04.25

　　作者：Hannah Devlin

　　原文标题：Use of antibiotics in farming ‘endangering human immune system’

　　词汇积累

　　1. blanket

　　/?bl??k?t/

　　n. 毯子，毛毯; 厚层，覆盖层; 气氛，氛围; 障碍，障碍物; (平版印刷的)橡皮布; (平版印刷的)橡皮

　　v. 覆盖，盖住，笼罩; 消除(声音)，使(声音)模糊不清

　　adj. 总括的，全面的，通用的

　　2.colistin

　　/k?'l?st?n/

　　n.粘菌素（用于治疗肠胃炎）

　　3. pathogen

　　/?p?θ??d??n/

　　n. 病原体，致病菌

　　4. serum

　　/?s??r?m/

　　n. 血清; 免疫血清; (植物的)浆液，树液

　　5. sepsis

　　/?s?ps?s/

　　n.败血症，脓毒病；腐败作用

　　词组搭配

　　1.antimicrobial peptides 抗菌肽

　　写作句总结

　　However, the findings highlight a fundamental risk that has not yet been extensively considered.

　　结构：However, the findings highlight … that has not yet been extensively considered.

　　然而，该研究的发现仍然突出了目前尚未得到广泛考量的…。

　　例句：However, the findings highlight the error range that has not yet been extensively considered.

　　阅读理解题

　　What is the primary concern raised by the article about the use of antimicrobial colistin in farming?

　　A. The effect on the development of new antibiotic medicines.B. The spread of E coli strains that can evade the body's natural defenses.C. The consequences for human immune systems when exposed to this drug.D. The potential risk to livestock when using this growth promoter.

　　B。文章主要关注的是对人体免疫系统的影响，故C选项不正确。A选项是一个细节，但不是这篇文章的主要关注点。D选项是对文章的错误理解，它并未提到这种生长促进剂对于畜牧的潜在风险。

　　打卡作业

　　在草稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，完成每日的打卡练习！下期推送会公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~

　　外刊君为同学们汇总了《经济学人》，戳码回复“J88”，下载pdf源文件。

　　（戳码回复“J88”）

　　? END ?

　　排版/外刊君

　　图片/来源网络

　　中国高翻小组