大学英语四级全真模拟冲刺试题一附答案

时间：2023-02-21

　　Part I Writing (30 minutes)

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Dormitory Life. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

　　1. 大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。

　　2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。

　　3. 宿舍生活利与弊。

　　Dormitory Life

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　　Part II Reading Comprehension (15 minutes)

　　(Skimming and Scanning)

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　Animals on the Move

　　It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.

　　Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.

　　Moving to Survive

　　In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.

　　Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.

　　Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.

　　Skin Is the Key

　　The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.

　　The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.

　　As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.

　　Source of Energy

　　What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark’s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.

　　When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.

　　The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.

　　This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.

　　Dolphin Has Speed Record

　　Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.

　　In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water. The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.

　　Other Animals Less Efficient

　　Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.

　　Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?

　　1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except____________.

　　［A］to find food

　　［B］to avoid being chased by its enemies

　　［C］to find a new place to live

　　［D］to show its braveness

　　2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that _______________.

　　［A］humans are the most clever living creatures in the world

　　［B］human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment

　　［C］humans are very successful in inventing transportation tools

　　［D］humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances

　　3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?

　　［A］The skin. ［B］The tail. ［C］The muscle. ［D］The jaw.

　　4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?

　　［A］When moving its tail rapidly.

　　［B］When finding its preys.

　　［C］When staying without any movement.

　　［D］When bending its body in swimming.

　　5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?

　　［A］Because it is also full of blood pressure.

　　［B］Because it is also filled of air pressure.

　　［C］Because it is also inflated by pressure.

　　［D］Because it also can be used again and again.

　　6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims________________.

　　［A］slowly through the water

　　［B］rapidly through the water

　　［C］against the current

　　［D］at the fastest speed in water

　　7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel _________ as long as a slug.

　　［A］one twelfth times

　　［B］the same

　　［C］12 times

　　［D］1.2 times

　　8.A shark finds its prey by________________.

　　9.According to the passage, _______________can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched.

　　10.When the shark detects an important food source, _______________________take place.

　　Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　11.［A］In the language lab. ［B］At the library.

　　［C］Beneath a tree. ［D］In a park.

　　12.［A］3385431. ［B］3487013.

　　［C］3046138. ［D］3104871.

　　13.［A］Before six. ［B］At six.

　　［C］After six. ［D］After seven.

　　14.［A］It is bigger. ［B］It has a prettier color.

　　［C］It has a larger yard. ［D］It is brighter.

　　15.［A］He is sick. ［B］He is worried.

　　［C］He is confident. ［D］He is angry.

　　16.［A］Patient and nurse. ［B］Wife and husband.

　　［C］Diner and waitress. ［D］Customer and shop assistant.

　　17.［A］It was boring. ［B］It was entertaining.

　　［C］It was touching. ［D］It was encouraging.

　　18.［A］On his desk. ［B］In his book.

　　［C］On the shelf. ［D］In his drawers.

　　Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19.［A］Quartz heaters. ［B］Hot-water radiator.

　　［C］Infrared radiation. ［D］Convection.

　　20.［A］She asks him to name some conventional heaters.

　　［B］She asks him to give a definition.

　　［C］She asks him how a quartz heater operates.

　　［D］She asks him to give some examples.

　　21.［A］It heats only the objects in a room.

　　［B］It is more advanced in design.

　　［C］It is more expensive.

　　［D］It is more energy-economical.

　　22.［A］It measures the temperature of a room.

　　［B］It collects sunlight.

　　［C］It moves air around the room.

　　［D］It directs radiation at objects.

　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　23.［A］One of his classes finished early.

　　［B］He wanted to get some studying done.

　　［C］The library had a special display on the Industrial Revolution.

　　［D］His books were ten days overdue.

　　24.［A］Checked them out.

　　［B］Took notes on them.

　　［C］Returned them to the shelves.

　　［D］Put them in his bookbag.

　　25.［A］They are marked with colored labels.

　　［B］They are specially coded.

　　［C］They are checked out.

　　［D］They are inspected by the guard.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26.［A］The difference between classical music and rock music.

　　［B］Why classical music is popular with math students.

　　［C］The effects of music on the results of math tests.

　　［D］How to improve your reasoning ability.

　　27.［A］Because it stimulates your nerve activity.

　　［B］Because it keeps you calm.

　　［C］Because it strengthens your memory.

　　［D］Because it improves your problem solving strategies.

　　28.［A］Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.

　　［B］The effects of music do not last long.

　　［C］The more you listen to music, the higher your test scores will be.

　　［D］Music, whether classical or rock, helps improve your memory.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29.［A］He wanted to find a place to read his papers.

　　［B］He wanted to kill time before boarding the plane.

　　［C］He felt thirsty and wanted some coffee.

　　［D］He went there to meet his friends.

　　30.［A］Toys for children.

　　［B］Important documents.

　　［C］Food and coffee.

　　［D］Clothes and scientific papers.

　　31.［A］The woman took his case on purpose.

　　［B］All his papers had been stolen.

　　［C］He had taken the woman’s case.

　　［D］The woman played a joke on him.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32.［A］They haven’t reached a decision yet.

　　［B］They have decided to go hunting bears.

　　［C］They want to go hunting camping.

　　［D］They want to go exploring the country.

　　33.［A］Susie. ［B］Tom.

　　［C］The speaker. ［D］The speaker’s husband.

　　34.［A］They chased the bear away.

　　［B］They stayed outside the tent and did nothing.

　　［C］They climbed up a tree.

　　［D］They put some honey outside for the bear to eat.

　　35.［A］He ate the honey. ［B］He drank the beer.

　　［C］He chased the people away. ［D］He turned things upside down.

　　Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　Coal has not been used very extensively as an energy source recently. However, it (36)____________ will become a very important source of energy in the future because of dwindling (37) ____________ of natural gas and oil. Although coal (38) ____________ to be black, it actually has black, yellow, orange, and red bands of color when it is examined under a powerful microscope.

　　Coal probably was formed about 300 million years ago by (39) ____________ trees and other plant life growing in (40) ____________. These trees and plants died and then fell into the water. They contained the elements oxygen, hydrogen, and (41) _________. As the earth changed its (42) ___________, the weight of the ground (43) ____________ down on the trees and plants. Thus seams of coal 纪录片 were formed.

　　(44) ____________________________________________________________________. Strip mining is quicker and safer than underground mining, but it can leave the surface of the earth bare and ugly. (45) ________________________________________________. While both underground and strip mines still can be hazardous, there no longer are as many accidents in coal mining as there once were. (46) _____________________________________________. Many of today’s coal miners are earning good wages in an occupation which is quite safe and very important.

　　Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (25 minutes)

　　(Reading in Depth)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually ____47___ you money or can add to the cost. Take the ____48___ example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the ____49___ buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest ____50___ price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive ____51___ to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.

　　So what principles should you ____52___ when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable ____53___ in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new ____54___ , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive ____55___, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose ____56___ three items or three estimates.

　　［A］possession ［B］save ［C］best ［D］appliance ［E］material

　　［F］from ［G］simple［H］with ［I］in ［J］element

　　［K］model ［L］item ［M］easy ［N］adopt ［O］reasonable

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.

　　Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.

　　“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.

　　As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree of intimacy of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.

　　Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.

　　57.The second paragraph implies that_____________ .

　　［A］teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems

　　［B］a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship

　　［C］human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging

　　［D］both A and B

　　58. “No man is an island”(Line 1, Para. 3) implies that ______________.

　　［A］everyone is a part of an island

　　［B］man cannot be an island

　　［C］everyone is just a part of society

　　［D］society is an island

　　59. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on_____________.

　　［A］age ［B］belonging ［C］personality ［D］culture

　　60. The author thinks that close friends_____________________.

　　［A］can be easily formed when one is young

　　［B］cannot be long-lasting

　　［C］are not rare for everyone

　　［D］are rare for most people

　　61.The word “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means______________________.

　　［A］not respecting ［B］dishonoring ［C］regardless ［D］considering

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle’s husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.

　　Every day of the year a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.

　　Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home—the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.

　　To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.

　　Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. “It’s typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people’s pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty.”

　　62.When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle_________.

　　［A］could not forgive him for taking the children

　　［B］had been expecting it to happen for some time

　　［C］could not understand why

　　［D］blamed herself for what had happened

　　63. Most people who leave their families behind them___________.

　　［A］do so without warning ［B］do so because of their debts

　　［C］come back immediately ［D］change their names

　　64. Some people would even prefer the death to the running away of their spouse because __.

　　［A］their spouse would feel no pain during the death

　　［B］their spouse’s death would not blow their pride and confidence

　　［C］a desertion would not bring a feeling of rejection or failure

　　［D］their spouse’s death would make them feel less painful

　　65.The man or woman left behind with an unfinished marriage usually______________.

　　［A］admits responsibility for the situation

　　［B］wishes the person who has left were dead

　　［C］comes back within a year

　　［D］will have no legal marriage life for seven years

　　66. Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as___________________.

　　［A］an act of despair ［B］an act of selfishness

　　［C］the result of a sudden decision ［D］the result of the enormous sense of guilt

　　Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Modern people wear many masks that keep their reality confined and ____67___, even to themselves. The possibility of encountering one’s ____68___, learning about one’s self, is frightening and ____69___. Many people expect ____70___ the worst. A hidden fear ____71___ the fact that they may also discover the best. To discover the worst is to face the decision of ____72___ or not to continue in the same pattern. To learn the best is to face the decision of whether or not to live up ____73___ it. ____74___ discovery may involve change and ____75___ causes anxiety. ____76___ , this can be a creative anxiety which may be thought of as excitement—the excitement of enhancing one’s ____77___ for being a winner. Transactional analysis is a(n) ____78___ you can use to know yourself, to know how you relate to others, and to discover the dramatic ____79___ your life is taking. The unit of personality structure is the ego state. By becoming ____80___ of your ego state, you can ____81___ between your various sources of thoughts, feelings, and behavior pattern. You can be more aware of the choices available to you. The unit of measure in interpersonal relationships is the ____82___. By analyzing your transactions, you can gain a ____83___ conscious control of how you operate with other people and how they operate with you. Transactional analysis is a practical ____84___ from which you can ____85___ old decisions and behavior and change ____86___ you decide is desirable for you to change.

　　67. ［A］known ［B］unknown ［C］surrounded ［D］unlimited

　　68. ［A］mask ［B］armor ［C］reality ［D］fact

　　69. ［A］frustrating ［B］exciting ［C］interesting ［D］encouraging

　　70. ［A］discovering ［B］to discover ［C］be discovered ［D］to be discovered

　　71. ［A］relies on ［B］lies in ［C］based on ［D］according to

　　72. ［A］how ［B］why ［C］what ［D］whether

　　73. ［A］to ［B］on ［C］with ［D］in

　　74. ［A］Both ［B］Either ［C］One ［D］Neither

　　75. ［A］therefore ［B］however ［C］even ［D］but

　　76. ［A］Therefore ［B］Moreover ［C］Then ［D］However

　　77. ［A］possibility ［B］pattern ［C］anxiety ［D］decision

　　78. ［A］instrument ［B］appliance ［C］equipment ［D］tool

　　79. ［A］course ［B］process ［C］track ［D］direction

　　80. ［A］beware ［B］aware ［C］awake ［D］unconscious

　　81. ［A］choose ［B］change ［C］distinguish ［D］compare

　　82. ［A］transaction ［B］transition ［C］transmission ［D］transformation

　　83. ［A］much ［B］more ［C］few ［D］little

　　84. ［A］desire ［B］frame ［C］stage ［D］step

　　85. ［A］evaluate ［B］change ［C］make ［D］decide

　　86. ［A］which ［B］that ［C］whether ［D］what

　　Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)

　　Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

　　87. The price of beer_______________________________________________________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.

　　88.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _______________________________________________(正在研制) and perfected now.

　　89. He wears a pair of sunglasses ____________________________________________(唯恐被别人认出来).

　　91.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you__________________________________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.

　　92.The substance does not dissolve in water_______________________________________ (不管是否加热).