师说｜ChatGPT背后的喜与忧，温肯学者版解读来了！

时间：2023-03-23

　　Please scroll down for the English version

　　2023年开年的一个热门话题，是ChatGPT。这个人工智能聊天机器人用户突破1亿，引起了各方关注。风起云涌的热议过后，学术界也在持续推进更多冷静、客观、深层的讨论。那么，ChatGPT与其他人工智能相比，到底新在哪里？当使用不可避免，如何明确ChatGPT在校园内的使用规范？

　　为此，我们特地邀请到计算机系教师Maryam Cheraghy，以专业视角带我们解读ChatGPT的喜与忧。

　　关于Maryam Cheraghy, 博士

　　Maryam Cheraghy 博士毕业于上海交通大学。她在攻读博士期间，加入了宽带接入网络实验室（Broadband Access Network Laboratory）。同时，她也是国际型权威期刊IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS的一名成员。除了这些学术上的成就之外，Cheraghy教授也在电子信息技术的行业领域颇具经验：在进入教育行业之前，她曾在电子信息技术的行业工作了约14年，在这期间参与了国家自然科学基金和华为公司等不同的项目工作。

　　透过专业视角，看ChatGPT到底新在何处

　　Cheraghy博士表示，ChatGPT 是一个由人工智能（AI）驱动的聊天机器人，最大的功能是实现人与人工智能，也就是机器人的无障碍对话。对比其他聊天机器人，它能真正做到有问有答，并且根据提问即兴发挥，即兴创作。所以，像ChatGPT 这样的聊天机器人，拥有着基于人工智能但高于人工智能的计算机程序，它不仅仅运用了人工智能技术（AI），并且还需要自然语言处理技术（NLP），来理解客户问题并自动给出通俗易懂的回答，从而实现模拟人类之间的对话。“ChatGPT是一种特定类型的机器学习模型，经过训练，以类似聊天机器人的方式生成文本。” Cheraghy博士向记者解释道。

　　当然，看似完美的程序ChatGPT 目前也存在不足和短板。Cheraghy 博士指出，在使用ChatGPT的过程中，诸如“ChatGPT现在已满负荷”和“1小时内请求太多，请稍后再试”之类的错误，使得用户群体对此程序时常感到失望。

　　即便这个程序还并不完美，Cheraghy博士也始终相信这位“顶流”机器人有很大的市场和扩展空间，还有许多值得关注的地方。那么，机遇与挑战并存的ChatGPT到底能给我们校园生活带来什么影响和改变呢？

　　ChatGPT能带来的，究竟是学术造假还是学术优势？

　　虽然ChatGPT的核心功能是进行模仿人类对话，但其用途广泛。相比此前的一些智能创作工具，ChatGPT显得更加“多才多艺”：从公文写作到诗歌创作、代码编写，甚至还可以撰写学术论文。因此，对于ChatGPT与学术造假的讨论也层出不穷。

　　对于ChatGPT会不会成为学术造假的“帮凶”这个问题，Cheraghy博士给出了十分理性的看法：禁止ChatGPT就像禁止学生使用维基百科或拼写检查器一样。即使在原则上“正确”，在实践中不可能完全实现。“部分学生们依然会找到绕过禁令的方法，在我看来，我们无法真正意义上的做到完全禁止学生利用ChatGPT完成作业或者考试，”她说道，“对人工智能产生过度的依赖性，会导致个人发展能力的下降，就像幼年的海鞘会寻找一块适合的岩石或珊瑚，一旦找到这个依托，海鞘就不再需要它的大脑，这是一种对于人工智能弱化人思维能力的担心。”在Cheraghy博士看来，ChatGPT就像任何一种传统的作弊工具一样，人们可以立规矩，要求学生或者学术界不去使用，但这主要取决于使用者的主观能动性。“我们需要培养学生的独立思考能力和批判性思维，并且尽可能多地强调作弊和抄袭的危害，这样才有可能从源头上杜绝学术不端行为。”

　　另外，Cheraghy博士对于ChatGPT在校园内的运用始终持积极乐观的态度。她认为， ChatGPT的使用可以对教育产生很多积极影响。当代的年轻人需要处理的信息过多，而且信息量过大。ChatGPT有能力帮助人们简化研究和学习过程。相较于百度、谷歌类的传统搜索引擎，ChatGPT搜寻和提供信息的能力可谓是“一骑绝尘”。因此，她始终相信，ChatGPT最终会成为一个很棒的研究工具。但到目前为止，教授们仍需要让学生警惕到ChatGPT有可能带来的错误信息。

　　如何利用好ChatGPT？

　　Cheraghy为温肯学子提供了建议……

　　“ChatGPT可以根据不同课程自动创建练习试题及答案，这其实对学生考前复习很有帮助，能帮助学生更好的准备考试。”Cheraghy博士说。同时，对于温肯学生来说，在英语学习上有困难，也可以向ChatGPT寻求帮助。它可以为语言的学习提供资源，帮助学生改善语法使用，提升词汇量。内容翻译上，ChatGPT可以为学生掌握信息提供便利，哪怕是多语言内容，它也可以处理得“游刃有余”。此外，在论文写作上也可以向其寻求思路和框架。论文完成后，ChatGPT也是“有求必应”，能够为学生提供改进建议和帮助。

　　作为一个人工智能伴学，它兼具灵活性和便利性，并且集成了多种应用软件的优势。ChatGPT能解决的不仅仅是学习上的难题，还有生活中的挑战。学生可以向其询问自己在日常生活中遇到的问题，如怎样进行时间管理、工作组织等。这些都能够得到意见和解决思路。哪怕是想要学习新知识和技能，也可以通过对ChatGPT的咨询得到解释和指导。

　　Interview with Dr. Maryam Cheraghy, Computer Science, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology at Wenzhou-Kean University

　　ChatGPT is an artificially intelligent chatbot created by a company called OpenAI and launched in November 2022. The program has more than 100 million monthly active users in just two months and attracted various sides of attention since its launch. These days, more calm, objective and in-depth discussions are needed regarding ChatGPT. Today, we invited Dr. Maryam Cheraghy from the Department of Computer Science to take us through this revolutionary new tool with a professional perspective.

　　Dr. Maryam Cheraghy received a Master's degree in Communication and Information Engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and a Ph.D. in Communication and Information Engineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. During her Ph.D., she joined the Broadband Access Network Laboratory (Broadband Access Network Laboratory). At the same time, she is also a member of the international authoritative journal IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS. In addition to these academic achievements, Dr. Cheraghy is also experienced in the field of electronic information technology: before becoming a lecturer, she worked in the electronic technology industry for about 14 years.

　　What is new about Chat-GPT from a professional perspective?

　　Comparing ChatGPT with other artificial intelligence, Dr. Cheraghy said that ChatGPT is an AI-driven chatbot, and is a transformer-based neural network that?provides answers and data with human writing patterns. ChatGPT is built on several state-of-the-art technologies, including Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning, and Deep Learning. These technologies are used to create the model’s deep neural networks and enable it to learn from and generate text data.

　　NLP is the branch of AI that deals with the interaction between computers and humans using natural language. It is a crucial part of ChatGPT’s technology stack and enables the model to understand and generate text in a way that is coherent and natural-sounding. “ChatGPT is a specific type of machine learning model that has been trained to generate text in a chatbot-like manner.” Dr. Cheraghy explained. Of course, the seemingly perfect program ChatGPT also has several shortcomings. In the process of using ChatGPT, users are often disappointed as the program often displays errors such as “ChatGPT is now fully loaded” and “Too many requests in 1 hour, please try again later”.

　　Although this program is not perfect, Dr. Cheraghy still believes that ChatGPT has a promising future and room for expansion. So, what opportunities and challenges can ChatGPT bring to our campus life?

　　Academic dishonesty or academic advantage? What can ChatGPT bring?

　　Regarding whether ChatGPT will become an accomplice of academic fraud, Dr. Cheraghy gave a very rational view: “Banning ChatGPT is like banning students from using Wikipedia or spell checkers. Even if this is the ‘correct’ thing to do in principle, it's not possible in practice. Some students will still find ways to get around the ban. In my opinion, we can’t completely ban students from using ChatGPT to complete homework or exams.” In addition to that, excessive dependence on artificial intelligence will lead to a decline in personal development ability, just like a young sea squirt will look for a suitable rock or coral. Once this support is found, the sea squirt no longer needs its brain. It is concerned that artificial intelligence is weakening people’s thinking abilities. Dr. Cheraghy thinks ChatGPT is like any traditional cheating tool. Rules can be set down to prohibit students or academics from using it, but it mainly depends on the subjective initiative of students. “We need to cultivate students’ independent thinking ability and critical thinking, and emphasize the harm of cheating and plagiarism as much as possible so that it is possible to prevent academic fraud from the source,” said Dr. Cheraghy.

　　Meanwhile, Dr. Cheraghy is optimistic about the application of ChatGPT on campus. She believes that it is important for students and staff to be fully aware of the use of ChatGPT as it has many positive impacts on education. Nowadays, students need to process too much information and ChatGPT can help them simplify the research and learning process. Compared with traditional search engines such as Baidu and Google, ChatGPT has an “outstanding” ability to search and classify information. Therefore, she always believes that ChatGPT will eventually become a great research tool. But so far, professors still need to alert students to the potential misinformation that ChatGPT can bring.

　　How to make good use of ChatGPT? Cheraghy offers advice to WKU students

　　“ChatGPT can help enhance test preparation. It can generate practice test questions and answers. ChatGPT can create practice test questions and answers for different courses and exams, enabling students to study for exams and develop their test-taking abilities." Dr. Cheraghy offered advice on how to use ChatGPT better. At the same time, WKU students who have difficulties in English learning can also seek help from ChatGPT, which can provide resources for language learning and help students improve their grammar and vocabulary. “ChatGPT can help WKU students improve their English by outlining grammatical principles and offering practice problems. It can help students in bettering their grammar and vocabulary. Because it provides the translations and resources for language learning,” she explained.

　　As for content translation, ChatGPT can facilitate students to master information. Even if it is multilingual content, ChatGPT can also handle it easily. ChatGPT integrates the advantages of various application software, so it can solve learning problems and life challenges. Students can ask them about problems they encounter in their daily life, such as how to manage time and organize work. Even if people want to learn new knowledge and skills, they can get explanations and guidance through consultation with ChatGPT.

　　文字 |?陈王豫傅予希

　　文稿编辑 | 项温蔚?魏铭辉

　　图片｜受访者提供

　　制作 | 项温蔚

　　初审 | 尚蕊?????

　　终审 | 王舒???????

　　责编 | 媒体中心