中高考语法:不定式的被动语态To be done/to have been do

  不定式的被动语态在初中阶段有所涉及;高中阶段在人教版选修性必修四的附录附有语法讲解。但内容不多。

  此种结构不难;但如果搞不清句子的结构(主动还是被动),会是理解文章、高考考试的一障碍。

  本文对此种结构进行分析。

  

  一 、一般情况基本结构 to be done

  不定式to do sth ,如果有表示被动,则要用不定式的被动语态, 即 to be done的结构。

  构成由来: 1. 被动语态的基本结构 be+ done(done指的是动词的过去分词) +2. 不定式to do sth

  在一般不定式的被动语态基本结构 to be done中, 这时不定式to do sth 中的 do (泛指任何动词)变成be(被动语态的基本结构中 be+ done的be);表示被动,+ done(动词的过去分词) 。因此,结构为: to be done(的结构)

  例如:It`s important for the figures to be updated regularly.

  figure数据 和update(更新) 间有被动关系,数据是被更新。此句的主动结构是:

  It is adj(形容词) for sb to do sth. 可以是: It`s important for us to update the figures regularly.变成被动,即是: It`s important for the figures to be updated regularly.

  详见 中高考句型 It is adj(形容词) for/ of sb to do sth详细分析

  再如:

  It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. (人教版高中英语必修一 unit 1 Teenage Life )

  二、 不定式的完成时的被动语态 to have been done

  ::to be done(一般被动)+ have done sth (完成时)= to have been done;不定式的完成时的被动语态。

  注:比较少见。

  理解: 表示(不定式do)动作发生在 谓语动作之前,且是被动。例句:

  I`m honored to have been given the chance to stand here and let my voice heard by all.---given the chance (被动)动作在stand here(及后面动作)前

  三、 使用情况,举例分析(句子中,如果是主动语态,使用的短语或句子结构) (参考 英语中to 的常见意思及用法详解)

  1 I wish to be sent to work in the western region. (人教版选修性必修四 附录 语法 例句) Wish to do 的结构

  2 It's a great honour for me to be invited to Mary's birthday party. (人教版选修性必修四 附录 语法 例句)

  It is n (for sb) to do sth 的结构 (详见 中高考句型 It is adj(形容词) for/ of sb to do sth详细分析

  3 The progress to be made soon is of great importance. 不定式作定语: to be made 作为progress定语,翻译为“要被制作/完成的”

  4 The meeting is to be held next Sunday. be(am, is ,are ) to do 表示将来的意思。作表语

  四、思考:教材、高考链接(试着判断,句子中,如果是主动语态,使用的主动语态的短语或句子结构):

  1 Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. (2022高考全国卷I)

  2 She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. (She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. (人教版高中英语必修三 unit 2 morals and virtues )

  3 In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. ( In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. (人教版高中英语必修三 unit 2 morals and virtues )

  待补充 相关的课本的复杂句型及高考真题例句

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