读后续写微技能--“七三四”法则

外语教育 勾划未来

作为高考新题型,读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式,旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力。与应用文不同,故事续写除了要求学生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外,还注重学生的内容构思和情节衔接的能力。

但读后续写并不像水中捞月,只要掌握“七三四法则”,即使中下考生也能拿下这一道题。下面我们将以考纲中的样题为例,给大家讲解如何利用“七三四法则”去一一击破读后续写。

[典型例题](普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明样题)

阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。续写的词数应为150左右。

A funny thinghappened to Arthur when he was?on the way to work one day. As he walked along ParkAvenue? near? the?First? National? Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying tostart a car. He tried again and?again? but? couldn't? get? the car moving. Arthur turned and lookedinside at the face of a? young? man who looked worried.? Arthur?stopped and asked,? “It looks like you've got a problem,” Arthur said.

“I'm? afraid? so.? I'm in a big hurry and I can't start my car.”

“Is there something I can do to help?” Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases inthe back seat and then said,? “Thanks. If you're sure it wouldn't be? too? much?trouble,? you? could?help? me? get?these suitcases into a taxi.”

“No trouble at all. I'd be glad to help.”

The young man gotout and took one of the suitcases from the back seat.? After?placing it on the ground,? heturned to get the other one.? Justas? Arthur? picked up the?first? suitcase? and?started? walking,? he?heard the long loud noise of an alarm.

It was from the bank. There had been a robbery (抢劫)!

Park? Avenue had beenquiet a moment before.? Now the airwas? filled? with the sound of the alarm and? the shouts?of? people? running?from? all? directions.?Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank.People asked each other, “What happened?” But everyone had a different answer.

Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at thebank and walked right into the young woman in front

of him.

She looked at thesuitcase and then at him. ?Arthurwas ?surprised. ?“Why is she looking at me like that?”??? Hethought. ?“The suitcase!She ?thinks I'm the bank thief!”

Arthur? looked?around? at the? crowd of people.? He became frightened,? and?without? another? thought,?he started to run.

Paragraph1:

As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop,stop!” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph2:

The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

七三四法则

七个“不”

1. 不增加人物。由考纲样题及近5年高考真题中所给的段落首句可知, 续写的故事情节发展都是由原文的人物所推进, 因此, 强行增加人物有可能会偏离情节发展。

2. 不增加旁支情节。题目要求“考生根据所给情节进行续写”,旨在延续原材料的故事情节,并不是要发展新情节。

3. 不用过多对话。在续写中展示对话, 虽能丰富内容和语言, ?增强语篇的连贯性, ?但使用过多的对话, 会显得篇幅累赘且很难在限定的词数里把整个后续的情节发展补充完整。

4. 不用负能量结局。结局设计绝对不能负能量。内容应该积极向上, ?能增长知识或传播正能量。如样题的结尾, ?我们可以有两种设定: 这个年轻人就是银行抢劫者, 而Arthur因此成为一个大英雄;? 或者 Arthur 误会了这个年轻人是银行抢劫犯, 但最终警察们还是表扬了他见义勇为的行为。

5. 不在文末设置悬念。题目要求是 “使之构成一篇完整的短文”, ?若在文末设置悬念, ?就会给人一种还没结束的感觉,这样的故事是不完整的。

6. 不偏离原文主题。续写的情节应时刻围绕着短文的主题去推进, 如上面的样题, ?由续写第二段首句提到的 “警察局” 可推测, ?我们可以围绕勇气及正义的主题去进行续写。

7. 不违背逻辑常理。情节和细节的想象要合理, 符合生活常识及具有逻辑性。

三个原则

1. 原文一致原则

续写内容要前后衔接,上下连贯,保持时态一致、人物一致、事件一致及语言表达风格一致。如样题中通篇短文基本都在用一般过去时,那续写也应使用一般过去时。

2. 曲折性原则

凡是故事都应有跌宕起伏或矛盾冲突,其中人物会遇到困难或问题,但最终能解决。但情节设计不能过于复杂或离奇,否则阅卷老师便不能快速读懂你想表达的内容。

3. 正能量原则

故事内容一定要传递正能量,围绕 “真善美” 的大主题去设计情节,弘扬社会主义核心价值观。如迷路了但最终一定回到了家;? 失败了或遇到困难了, 但最终一定成功了; 吵架了但最后一定是言归于好, 和睦相处;? 犯错了, ?最后一定会改过自新, 重新做人;? 贼逃了, ?最后一定是绳之以法,等等。

四个步骤

1. 通读全文,理清脉络

读所给的不完整故事,借助“5W1H工具”提炼故事的六要素 (时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果),弄清大意和主题,理清故事的主要人物和事件脉络。当中, 需要特别留意故事里的人物、时态 (通常是一般过去时)、事件(起因和经过)、故事的结构特点及语言特色,以便在续写时保持上下文一致。牢记一句口诀:人物时态和事件,语言特色不要变。

(1) 读大意,抓中心主题

把故事六要素结合起来,我们即可得知原文大意:Arthur在帮助一位年轻人搬行李箱时,银行警钟突然大响。他因抬着行李箱而被怀疑是抢劫犯,过于害怕,他便拿着行李箱逃跑了。

(2)读人物,找续写人物

读续写两段的首句可知,Arthur和那位年轻人是续写内容的关键人物,故年轻女士及人群可以排除不要。

(3)读时态,选续写时态

通读全文可知,该故事主要是用一般过去时讲述的,故续写内容的时态也应一致。

(4) 读结构,辨划分方式

弄清故事的结构特点及表现形式,选择合适的方式划分段落,常用的有4:

以时空变化划分(指时间和地点);

以人物思想感情的变化来划分;

按记叙内容的变化来划分;

按描述角度的变化、事情发展的阶段来划分。

再看回样题,一开始,Arthur是在Park Avenue,而由续写两段首句可知,续写第一段Arthur是在的士里,第二段是在警察局里,Arthur所处地点不断变化,由此可知, 样题是按照时空变化来划分的。而我们在构思续写内容时也应在这两个地点的基础上进行拓展。

(5) 读语言,定风格特色

挖掘文本语言表达风格,模仿原文语言写句子。使续写部分的语言风格与原文的风格相一致,以促进语言协同。此外,如果原文有较多对话, 续写也可出现对话;如原文没有对话, 尽量少用对话形式。如样题原文中的语言特色:

由as引导的时间状语从句:

As he walked along Park Avenue near the? First National Bank, he heard the sound ofsomeone trying to start a car.

Just as Arthur picked up the first? suitcase?and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.

As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shoutingbehind, “Stop, stop!”

并列动词来描述人物的动作:

Arthur turned and looked inside at the face?of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked…

The? young man got outand took one of the suitcases from the back seat.

介宾短语作状语:

After placing it on the ground, he turned to?get the other one.

分词短语作状语:

Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to?look? at? the?bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.

2. 抓住关键,构思框架