剑桥学霸读书分享
26:22
Hey guys, welcome back to the channel.
嘿，伙计们，欢迎回到我的频道。
If you're new here, my name is Ali.
如果你是刚来这里，我叫阿里。
I'm a final year medical student at Cambridge University and this is the second in our video about evidence-based revision tips.
我是在剑桥大学医学院进行最后一年学习的学生，这个视频是我们关于基于证据的复习技巧系列视频的第二个。
And today we're gonna be talking about spaced repetition and how you can apply to your own study routine.
今天我们将讨论间隔重复以及如何把它应用于自己的学习流程种。
If you haven't seen the previous video, which will be linked up there and here and everywhere else, please do watch that first.
如果你还没有看过之前的视频，它们的链接在那里、这里和其他任何地方，请先看那个视频。
That is about active recall and active recall is by far the most important thing you can be doing right now to make your studying much more efficient.
那个视频主要讲的是主动回忆，主动回忆是你现在能做的最重要的事情，它能让你的学习更有效率。
This video is gonna be about spaced repetition, which is probably the second most important thing you could be doing.
这个视频要讲的是间隔重复，这可能是你能做的第二重要的事情。
I've put timestamps to everything we're gonna talk about in the description below along with a load of links so you can follow those as you like.
我已经为我们将在下面的描述中讨论的所有内容添加了时间戳以及大量链接，这样你就可以想看哪里就看哪里了。
And now here's the structure of the video because everyone loves a well-structured video.
这是视频的结构，因为每个人都喜欢结构清晰的视频。
Firstly, we're gonna introduce this concept of spaced repetition.
首先，我们要介绍间隔重复的概念。
And I'll be sharing with you a little bit of the evidence behind it.
我将与你们分享它背后的一些证据。
We're not gonna go overboard on the evidence because, to be honest, a lot of the stuff around spaced repetition is quite intuitive.
我们不会过分依赖证据，因为老实说，间隔重复的很多内容都是非常直观的。
Secondly, I'm gonna be giving you some tips as to how you can incorporate spaced repetition into your study techniques and into your life generally.
其次，我将给你们一些建议，告诉你们如何将间隔重复融入学习技巧和生活。
And thirdly I'm gonna be talking to you about my own personal magical spaced repetition spreadsheet system that I've been using for the past few years and that when I was using like properly and got me really really good marks in my Cambridge exams.
第三，我要和你们谈谈我自己独创的神奇间隔重复电子表格系统，我在过去几年里一直在使用它，我正确地使用了它并在剑桥考试中获得了非常非常好的分数。
So yeah, that's the structure the video.
是的，以上就是视频的结构。
Feel free to jump around with the timestamps.
请随意根据时间戳跳转。
Let's start by talking about spaced repetition and the evidence behind it.
让我们先谈谈间隔重复及其背后的证据。
What is spaced repetition?
什么是间隔重复？
Spaced repetition is as the name suggests where you spaced your repetition of particular subjects over a period of time.
间隔重复，顾名思义，就是你在一段时间内对特定主题的重复复习进行间隔。
It is in contrast to cramming, which is a very popular revision strategy.
这与临时抱佛脚形成对比，临时抱佛脚是一种非常流行的复习策略。
But as we all probably intuitively know, when you cram for a test Mthe next day you can probably remember quite a lot of it because it's like in your short-term memory.
但是我们都可能凭直觉就能知道，当你为第二天的考试临时抱佛脚时，你可能会记住很多内容，因为这在你的短期记忆中。
But by, you know, maybe the next day or the following day, you've completely forgotten all of it.
但是，你知道，也许第二天你已经完全忘记了这一切。
So cramming is sort of not ideal if we're talking about retaining stuff in a long-term memory.
所以临时抱佛脚并不是很理想，如果我们说的是在长期记忆中保留内容。
The idea behind spaced repetition is that instead of cramming things into a single day, we spread out our revision over time and we review topics ideally by active recall at particular intervals.
间隔重复背后的想法是，我们不是把事情塞进一天做完，而是随着时间的推移分散复习，理想情况下，我们通过在特定的时间间隔中通过主动回忆来复习某个话题。
Basically, the reason why it works is because of something called the forgetting curve and that's something that's been around in the psychology literature since the 1800s and that's something that we can all probably intuitively experience for ourselves.
基本上，它起作用的原因是因为一种叫做遗忘曲线的东西，它自 19 世纪以来一直存在于心理学文献中，我们都可以凭直觉亲身体验到。
You've probably had that feeling whereby, you know, you revise a something and then you look at it a week later and it's like you've just forgotten all of it, like what was the point of arising that and you have to repeat it, repeat, repeat again.
你可能有过这样的感觉，你知道，你复习了某个内容，然后一周后你在看它，你仿佛已经忘记了这一切，例如它有什么意义，你必须重复它，重复，再重复。
That's the forgetting curve in action.
这就是遗忘曲线的作用。
It's the idea that over time we forget things at an exponential rate, sort of like, you know, radioactive decay and half-life if you... if you're into A-level physics or chemistry.
这个想法是，随着时间的推移，我们会以指数速度忘记一些内容，这有点像，你知道，放射性衰变和半衰期，如果你......如果你喜欢高等物理或化学的话会明白的。
The important thing about the forgetting curve and how we can take advantage of it is that every time we interrupt forgetting curve, it then takes longer for us to forget something.
关于遗忘曲线以及我们如何利用它的重要一点是，每次我们打断遗忘曲线，我们就需要更长的时间来忘记一些事情。
So let's say today I studied the anatomy of the upper limb and then I reviewed it again tomorrow.
所以假如今天我学习了上肢的解剖学，然后明天我再复习一遍。
I have interrupted the forgetting curve.
我就打断了遗忘曲线。
So while previously I might have forgotten a half of it by tomorrow, now I'm only gonna forget 25% of it by the following day.
所以虽然以前我明天可能已经忘记了一半，现在我只会在第二天忘记 25%。
And if I then review it again three days later and go back to a hundred percent, now it's gonna take me even longer to forget it.
如果三天后我再复习一遍，记忆量会回到百分之百，现在我要花更长的时间忘记它。
And the idea is that the more times we do this, the more spaced out our repetition becomes, the more likely we are to encode all of this information into a long-term memory.
这个想法是，我们这样做的次数越多，我们重复的时间中有越多间隔，我们就越有可能将所有这些信息编码到长期记忆中。
So now we're never gonna forget that the radial nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm because we've repeated it so many times over such a spaced interval that the forgetting curve no longer applies to that piece of uh knowledge or understanding.
所以现在我们永远不会忘记桡骨神经供应手臂的后隔间，因为我们已经在间隔的时间内重复了太多次，以至于遗忘曲线不再适用于那段知识或理解。
So yeah, that's not particularly ground-breaking.
所以，是的，这并不是特别具有突破性。
A lot of us already do this anyway.
不管怎样，我们很多人已经这样做了。
We know that we won't just remember something if we study it once.
我们知道如果我们只学习一次，我们是不会记住某样东西的。
So we kind of make a revision timetable and we think, right, I'm gonna revise topic one in chemistry AS on that day and then I'll revise again a week later and then a week later.
所以我们制定了一个复习时间表，我们想，对，我要在那天复习 AS 化学的第一个主题，然后一周后再复习，一周后再复习。
That's not particularly controversial.
这并没有什么争议。
Obviously, spacing your repetition is better than cramming.
显然，间隔重复比死记硬背要好。
The thing that I personally take home from the forgetting curve is... is actually that, you know, the intervals at which we space things apart.
我个人从遗忘曲线中学到的是......实际上，你知道，我们把东西分开的间隔。
There is a phenomenon in the psychology literature.
心理学文献中有一个现象。
I'll link some studies below, but I won't bother explaining it in depth.
我将在下面放上一些研究的链接，但我不会费心深入解释它。
Basically, it's... it's the idea that the harder your brain has to work to retrieve something from it, the more stronger that information gets encoded.
基本上，是这样......这样一个想法，你的大脑越努力从中检索东西，信息就会被编码得越强。
So the idea behind spaced repetition is that you allow your brain to forget some of the information such that when you revise it again, it's not mindless repetition, it's actually taking you some brain power.
所以间隔重复背后的想法是你允许你的大脑忘记一些信息，这样当你再次复习它时，这不是盲目的重复，它实际上要消耗你一些脑力。
And the more brain power it takes, the more we've forgotten, the harder your brain has to work at, and therefore the more strongly that information gets encoded.
这需要越多的脑力，我们遗忘的就越多，你的大脑就越努力，因此信息就被编码得越强烈。
Why this is relevant to our own studies?
为什么这与我们的学习相关？
It's relevant because it means that we have this kind of idea of starting off spacing things at like a narrow interval and then spreading the interval out over time.
这是相关的，因为这意味着我们有这样一种想法，从一个狭窄的间隔开始，然后随着时间的推移扩展这个区间。
So like I said in my example, anatomy of the upper limb, let's do it today, let's do it tomorrow, three days later, a week later, and then a month later.
就像我在我上肢解剖的例子中说的那样，我们今天复习，我们明天复习，三天后，一周后，然后一个月后再复习。
We've repeated it five times.
我们已经重复了五次。
We've spaced these repetition sessions.
我们把重复的时间间隔开。
We've allowed ourselves to forget a little bit of the information in between the intervals such that when we revise the topic, ideally with active recall rather than just rereading, it takes brain power to recall this information.
我们允许自己在间隔期间忘记一点信息，这样当我们复习这个话题时，理想情况下是通过主动回忆的方式，而不仅仅是重读，回忆这些信息需要脑力。
Therefore, by the end of it, we have retained so much more than if we'd spent five times, you know, as much time on the first stages trying to cram the anatomy of the upper limb.
因此，到最后，我们在相同时间内记住的关于上肢解剖学的东西比一开始死记硬背的方式多五倍。
So that's one point about spaced repetition.
这就是关于间隔重复的一个要点。
I think a more interesting point that I've been using a lot in my own study is that actually the evidence suggests that even if... even if in the same study session like in the same day of work, you space stuff out rather than kind of do it in chunks, the evidence suggests that that's probably a more efficient technique in terms of retaining information.
我认为一个更有趣的观点，我在自己的研究中经常使用的观点是，实际上有证据表明，即使......即使在同一天的学习中，比如在同一天的工作中，你把东西分开，而不是成块地做，有证据表明，就记住信息而言，这可能是一种更有效的技巧。
There's an interesting study from 2011 where they got four groups of students to try and learn words and the translations in Swahili.
2011 年有一个有趣的研究，他们让四组学生尝试学习斯瓦西里语的单词和翻译。
One group of them only studied the words once and these were their results.
其中一组只学习这些单词一次，这些是他们的成绩。
And as you can see, they didn't do very well.
正如你所看到的，他们表现得不太好。
That's kind of what you'd expect if you saw like a vocab list of French words and English translations.
如果你只看法语单词和英语翻译的词汇列表，这就是你所期望的。
You probably wouldn't remember much of it if you just saw it once.
如果你只看一次，你可能不会记得太多。
The second group saw each word once, and then had to recall each word once, and then were tested.
第二组每个单词都看一遍，然后每个单词都要回忆一遍，然后进行测试。
And this is their performance.
这是他们的表现。
So as you can see, just recalling a word once, as we've already established in the previous video, active recall is pretty great, increases your performance massively compared to, you know, just studying it.
如你所见，只要回忆一个单词一次，就像我们在之前的视频中已经确定的那样，主动回忆非常好，与学习相比，它极大地提升了你的成绩。
But the third group also recalled the words that they... they knew, but immediately after each recall, they had to recall of the same word, so they recalled the same words kind of multiple times before moving on.
但是第三组也会回忆他们知道的单词，但是在每次回忆之后，他们要立即回忆起同一个单词，所以他们在继续之前要多次回忆同一个单词。
And these are their results.
这是他们的成绩。
So as you can see, not much difference there between just the guys that recalled it once.
所以你可以看到，仅仅是回忆一次的人之间没有太大的区别。
Most interestingly, the final group that saw each word and then recalled it, but then had a gap of a few words before recalling it again, so, you know, they... they repeated their recall of it but they spaced their repeated recall of it in the same study session.
最有趣的是，最后一组的人会看到每个单词，然后回忆起来，但在再次回忆之前有几个单词的间隔，所以，你知道，他们......他们在重复回忆，但他们是在同一个学习期间间隔重复回忆。
These are their results.
这是他们的成绩。
So these guys did exactly the same amount of work.
所以这些人的工作量是一样的。
They did exactly the same thing.
他们做了完全一样的事情。
They studied for the same amount of time as the people in group 3, the guys that kind of recalled in a... in a group and then found another word and recall to integrate.
他们学习的时间和第三组的人一样，这些人在一个......在一个小组里，然后找到另一个词和回忆来整合。
But they've got a staggering improvement in this score, up to 80 per cent.
但是他们的分数有了惊人的提升，高达 80%。
It's exactly the same work, like literally exactly the same work.
工作量一样，真的是完全一样。
The only difference is that it was spaced out relative to group 3.
唯一的区别是它相对于第 3 组被间隔开了。
And that gives you a difference of an extra 50% in exam performance.
这让你的考试成绩有了 50% 的差异。
And like I don't know about you, but like if... if I could restructure my revision in a way that I was doing the same thing as I've always done, but just kind of doing it in a slightly different order, and I could get such a massive performance boost, I would be doing it all day and I'd be shouting it from the rooftops personally.
我不知道你怎么想，但是如果......如果我能以我一直做的同样的事情的方式重组我的复习，但只是稍微改变一下顺序就可以有如此大的成绩提升，那么我会一直用这种方式，我会到处安利它。
So what does this experiment actually tell us?
那么这个实验究竟告诉了我们什么呢？
Firstly, I think it tells us about the power of active recall, but hopefully we already knew that cuz we'd seen the previous video about active recall.
首先，我认为它了告诉我们主动回忆的力量，但我们已经知道了，因为我们看过之前关于主动回忆的视频。
The conclusion I draw from this is that in a given day, let's say I've done five topics of, you know, for preparing for my... or whatever, five topics, what I previously would have done is I think what a lot of us do when it comes to revision is that we do one topic in the morning flows like two hours that we're done and then the next one and then in the third one, the fourth, and the fifth one.
我由此得出的结论是，在某一天，假设我复习了五个主题，你知道，四个为我的......或其他什么做准备，五个主题，我以前会做的是，我认为我们很多人在复习时会做的是，我们在早上花两个小时复习一个主题，然后是下一个，然后是第三个，第四个，第五个。
And we might use space repeated repetition to repeat it like a day later, a week later, a month later, but the point is within that study session, within that day, we've kind of just done the topic once.
我们可以用间隔重复来操作，比如一天后，一周后，一个月后重复，但重点是在那次学习中，在那一天里，我们已经把这个话题复习了一次。
And I think the thing that I take from from this particular study and from similar ones like it is that there is a lot to be gained by just going over the stuff like testing yourself on it maybe like two hours later.
我认为我从这个特殊的研究和类似的研究中得到的是，仅仅复习一下，比如两个小时后测试自己，会有很多收获。
Let's say you've done topic 1 and topic 2.
假设你已经完成了主题 1 和主题 2。
Just before starting topic 3, you know, just ask yourself I wonder how much I can write down of what I remember from topic 1 or I wonder if I can answer the recall questions that I wrote for myself for topic 1.
就在开始主题 3 之前，你知道，问问你自己，我想知道我能从主题 1 中写下多少我记得的东西，或者我想知道我是否能回答我为主题 1 写的回忆问题。
I know I'm gonna be doing it tomorrow anyway because, you know, part of my space repetition method, and three days later, and a week later.
我知道我明天无论如何都会做，因为，你知道，我空间重复方法的一部分，三天后，一周后。
But, you know, let me just see at the end of the day what I can recall.
但是，你知道，让我看看今天结束时我能回忆起什么。
And the results of this study and similar ones seem to suggest that if even doing that in the same day, the same study session, really boosts your marks.
这项研究和类似研究的结果似乎表明，即使在同一天，同一个学习时段做这件事，真的会提高你的分数。
So yeah, that's pretty much spaced repetition in a nutshell.
简单来说，这就是间隔很大的重复。
Firstly, it's the idea that obviously, you know, spacing your repetition over a period of time is better than cramming.
首先，很明显，你知道，在一段时间内重复行间距比临时抱佛脚要好。
That's uncontroversial.
这是无可争议的。
It's no particular ground-breaking.
这没什么特别的突破性。
But secondly, it's this idea that even like spacing stuff out within the same day, within the same study session, has the potential to really really boost your marks.
但是其次，这里的想法是即使在同一天，在同一个学习过程中拉开间隔，也有可能真正提高你的分数。
And if it does have that potential, even if it ends up not being a 50% improvement, because to be honest, that's it's pretty, you know, pretty amazing, even if it ends up not being that great, it still has the potential to improve our scores and it improves our long-term understanding and retention of the topic.
如果它真的有潜力，即使成绩最终没有提高 50%，因为说实话，这是非常惊人的，即使它最终没有那么好，它仍然有潜力提高我们的分数，提高我们对这个话题的长期理解和记忆。
So I think it's something that maybe we should be practicing to do.
所以我认为这是我们应该练习的事情。
So practical advice, maybe at the end of the day, ask yourself whatever I learned today.
所以一条实用的建议，也许在一天结束的时候，问问自己我今天学到了什么。
You know, go over your quote, your active recall questions.
检查一下你的笔记，你主动回忆的问题。
Like write down on one page, you know, what is everything I can remember in the form of a spider diagram from this subject with the book closed.
例如在一页上写下我能记得的一切，以蜘蛛图的形式从这个主题开始，书要合上。
And I think that might be a really efficient way to get a lot more information into your brain in a shorter space of time.
我认为这可能是一种非常有效的方法，可以在更短的时间内将更多的信息输入大脑。
So that's a quick introduction to spaced repetition.
所以以上是对间隔重复的快速介绍。
Let's now go into the meat of this video and that's what a lot of you guys have been requesting in the comments and that's tips on how to apply spaced repetition to your own studies.
现在让我们进入这个视频的核心内容，这就是你们很多人在评论中要求的，这是如何将间隔重复应用到你自己的学习中的技巧。
And you know a lot of you are asking how I built my own spaced repetition spreadsheet that you might have seen in the Ibz Mo video.
你们知道，很多人都在问我是如何建立自己的间隔重复电子表格的，你可能在我跟 Ibz Mo 合作的视频中看到过。
At this point, I'm not gonna be citing any studies or any evidence for what I'm saying.
在这一点上，我不会引用任何研究或任何证据来证明我所说的。
This is purely my own opinion.
这纯粹是我自己的看法。
This is purely the stuff that's worked for me.
这纯粹是对我有用的东西。
In my second and third year at university, I really actively specifically applied active recall and spaced repetition.
在我大学的第二年和第三年，我非常积极地应用了主动回忆和间隔重复。
And it was only those two years that I did it like really really well, like really anally, kind of just focusing my revision technique around that.
只有那两年，我表现得非常非常好，我只是把我的复习技巧集中在这一点上。
And those were the two years that I did really really well in my Cambridge exams.
那两年我的在剑桥的考试考得非常非常好。
In other years, I've kinda... I fell by the wayside a bit.
在其他几年时间里，我有点......我有点找不到重点。
It was like," Uh, whatever I'm quite tempted to, just kind of reread my textbook or highlight stuff because it's less cognitively demanding.
就像，“呃，无论我想做什么，只要重读我的教科书或突出显示一些东西，因为它对认知的要求不那么高。
And like I still passed my exams, I did all right, but I didn't do amazingly.
我仍然通过了考试，我做得很好，但我没有达到惊人的水平。
And obviously my N equals one personal experience is not a legit scientific study.
显然我用个人经历以偏概全是不合理的科学研究。
So I think my advice to you guys would be that don't take my word for this as being gospel.
所以我想我给你们的建议是，不要把我的话当成圣经。
Maybe try these techniques in your own, in your own studies, in your own life.
也许你可以在你自己的，在你自己的学习中，在你自己的生活中尝试这些技巧。
If they work for you, then fantastic.
如果它们适合你，那太棒了。
And if they don't work for you, then you've just wasted 20 minutes watching a video.
如果它们对你不起作用，那么你只是浪费了 20 分钟看视频。
I apologize.
我道歉。
That's time you're never gonna get back.
这个时间永远回不来。
But yeah, cool, let's talk about specific techniques things that you can do to apply spaced repetition to your own studies and to your own life.
但是，是的，我们来谈谈具体的技巧，你如何把间隔重复应用到你自己的学习和生活中。
First thing to mention is flashcards and Anki is the app that I personally prefer to use.
首先要提到的是抽认卡，Anki 是我个人更喜欢使用的应用程序。
And as I mentioned the previous video, I've used this to memorize specific facts, like stuff like in anatomy and pharmacology but also quotes for essays.
正如我在之前的视频中提到的，我用它来记忆特定的事实，比如解剖学和药理学，还有论文中的引语。
And I busted out like, you know, quotes from John Paul II in St. Augustine in my... in my ethics essays and the examiners seem to love that sort of thing.
我在我的伦理论文中突然引用了约翰·保罗二世在圣奥古斯丁的话，考官似乎喜欢这种东西。
It's quite nice when you can like, you know, put a few fancy quotes into an essay and I use Anki to memorize those.
这很好，你知道，在一篇文章中加入一些花哨的引语，我用 Anki 来记住它们。
I won't talk about it in depth.
我就不深入讲了。
I've talked about in the previous video.
我在之前的视频中谈到过。
It's just a flashcard app that does active recall and spaced repetition.
这是一个可以进行主动回忆和间隔重复的抽认卡应用程序。
It kind of incorporates this into the software.
软件中加入了这个功能。
Point number two isn't really a practical technique.
第二点并不是一个实用的技巧。
It's more of a mindset shift and it's something that I've applied to my own life ever since I discovered this power of spaced repetition.
这更像是一种心态的转变，自从我发现间隔重复的力量后，我就把它应用到自己的生活中。
And you can use it to... to learn a lot of things in quite a small amount of time kind of overall.
总的来说，你可以用它在很短的时间内学习很多东西。
And the technique is simply that all you have to do is practice a little bit each day for ages and then you just get really good at something.
技巧很简单，你所要做的就是每天练习一点点，持续一段时间，然后你就会真正擅长某件事。
And everyone who's done a musical instrument knows this.
每个学过乐器的人都能理解。
They know that, you know, practicing for 10 minutes a day for a week is far better than practicing an hour on the weekend or two hours on the weekend.
他们知道连续一周每天练习 10 分钟远远好于周末练习一个小时或周末练习两个小时。
But the way our brain works, the way we encode information, it tends to be people say when we sleep.
但是我们大脑的工作方式，我们编码信息的方式，往往是人们在睡觉时说的。
So we kind of do a little better... we get a bit of muscle memory and then when we sleep these connections get solidified.
所以我们做得更好一点......我们有一点肌肉记忆，然后当我们睡觉时，这些连接得到巩固。
And then we do it again, we find a little bit better.
然后我们再做一次，我们的表现更好一点。
So my point is that once you appreciate the power of spaced repetition, you can apply to everything in your life, not just to... to your studies or to your revision.
所以我的观点是，一旦你意识到间隔重复的力量，你可以把它应用于生活中的一切，而不仅仅是你的学习或复习。
I've personally applied this to piano, guitar, graphic design, web design, video editing, coding, like quite a few different things in addition to like my academic work.
我自己是把它应用于钢琴、吉他、平面设计、网页设计、视频编辑、编程，除了喜欢我的学术工作之外，还有很多不同的东西。
And I find it's really really useful because it makes the amount of improvement you get for every unit of time much greater than it would be with other methods where you kind of spend ages doing one thing or spend ages doing another thing.
我发现这真的很有用，因为它让你在每单位时间内获得的进步比用其他方法要大得多，其它的方法会让你花很长时间做一件事或花很长时间做另一件事。
That's what I previously used to do.
这就是我以前的做法。
So yeah point number two is... is simply about, you know, appreciating the power of spaced repetition consistency and patience effectively.
所以，是的，第二点是......简单地说，你知道，有效地理解间隔重复、持之以恒和耐心的力量。
Doing a little bit each day and improving, it's no particular ground-breaking.
每天做一点，进步一点，这并不是什么特别的突破。
I know everyone who's tried to learn a musical instrument probably knows this, but I just thought I'd share it with you guys because I've had a lot of messages like YouTube comments and Instagram DMS people being like "Oh, how do you do so much stuff? What's your secret?" The secret is, you know, just a little bit each day and being consistent has a staggering potential to just let you... let you gain so many skills that you would be so glad for in the long term.
我知道每个尝试学习乐器的人都可能知道这一点，但我只是想和你们分享一下，因为我收到了很多信息，比如 YouTube 的评论和 Instagram 私信里人们说，“哦，你是怎么做这么多事情的？你有什么秘诀？”秘密是，你知道，每天只做一点点，持之以恒有惊人的潜力让你......让你获得如此多的技能，从长远来看，你会很高兴的。
And finally, let's get to the meat of this.
最后，让我们进入正题。
Let me talk to you about my magical spaced repetition spreadsheet system.
让我和你谈谈我神奇的间隔重复电子表格系统。
So I used this in second and third year, did really well in my exams and I'm using it in my final year.
所以我在大学第二年和第三年使用了它，在考试中表现非常好，我在最后一年也在使用它。
And I hope that I'll do quite well in my exams using this method.
我希望用这种方法在考试中取得好成绩。
Basically the way you do it is that you make a spreadsheet.
基本上你就是要制作一个电子表格。
I prefer using Google sheets rather than Excel.
我更喜欢使用谷歌表格而不是 Excel。
Google sheets is easy to load.
谷歌表格很容易加载。
You can download the app on your phone.
你可以在手机上下载该应用程序。
That means anywhere you are, whether you're like on the bus, or on the toilet, or in the library, you can update your magical spreadsheet.
这意味着无论你在哪里，不管你是在公共汽车上，还是在厕所里，还是在图书馆里，你都可以更新你神奇的电子表格。
If it's a DOC... Excel file on your desktop and you double click here and it takes an agonising amount of time to load.
如果这是你桌面上的一个 Doc......Excel 文件，那么你得双击，它需要大量的时间来加载。
That just adds too much friction to this.
这只会增加过多阻力。
So I prefer to use Google sheets.
所以我更喜欢使用谷歌表格。
So that's my... that's my advice: use Google sheets for this.
这就是我的建议：使用谷歌表格来做这件事。
So what do you actually do with a spreadsheet?
那么你用电子表格做什么呢？
So what you do is... is that you make a different sheet for each of your subjects.
所以你要做的是为每个科目制作不同的表格。
So it might be biology, chemistry, physics, maths, English Lit, if you're doing A-level, or it might be like anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pathology, might prepare all other stuff if you're a medical student, or you know, apply this to your own life obviously.
如果你要参加 A-level 考试，它们可能是生物学、化学、物理、数学、英语文学，或者如果你是医学院的学生，则可能是解剖学、生物化学、生理学、病理学，可能会准备所有其他的东西，或者你知道，把这些应用到你自己的生活中。
And the idea is within each kind of broad subject, in the A column of the spreadsheet, you're writing down a list of every single topic in that... in that subject.
这个想法是在每种宽泛的科目中，在电子表格的 A 栏中，你要写下一列那个科目中的每一个主题。
Now at this point I just want to talk about the importance of scoping your subject is how a friend put it to me recently and like... like actually knowing what's on your syllabus.
现在我想谈谈确定科目范围的重要性，这是一个朋友最近对我说的，就像......就像真正知道你的教学大纲上有什么。
I've spoken to a lot of students students over the past few years, you know, helping them prepare for their medicine exams and all of the stuff.
在过去的几年里，我和很多学生谈过，你知道，帮助他们准备医学考试等等。
And it's pretty astounding how few students like know their course inside out, like know what topics there are in their AS and A2 chemistry or know exactly what topics are.
令人震惊的是，很少有学生喜欢彻底了解他们的课程，比如知道他们的 AS 和 A2 阶段的化学有什么主题，或者确切知道有什么主题。
I think that's... that's one thing that if you haven't done already that you definitely should be doing like spend as long as it takes.
我认为那是......如果你还没有做这件事，你肯定要尽可能花时间去做。
Like even if it takes a whole day, just like you know, writing down a list of all of the different topics.
即使要花一整天的时间，就像你知道的，写下所有不同主题的列表。
And like don't follow the specification.
不要顺着科目说明来做。
The specification... I absolutely hate specifications.
我非常讨厌科目说明。
They're just like verbosely word is like, you know, one point one point zero zero three to be able to appreciate the importance of the nitrogen cycle.
它们又臭又长，你知道的，一点一点零零三能够理解氮循环的重要性。
You know, really the topic is just at the nitrogen cycle.
你知道，真正的主题只是关于氮循环的。
But I've seen that a lot of people kind of like used the specification as we're revising.
但是我已经看到很多人在我们复习时使用了科目说明。
Personally I've never found that particular helpful.
就我个人而言，我从来没有发现这特别有帮助。
My personal tactic is to look through exam papers because while you can't really trust a specification, you can absolutely trust the past papers.
我个人的策略是浏览试卷，因为虽然你不能相信科目说明，但是你绝对可以相信过去的试卷。
And if the past papers, you know, if you can categorize things into, for example, physics.
如果过去的试卷，你知道，例如如果你能把物理学进行归类。
If you can categorize them into electricity, mechanics, nuclear waves, and you realize that that's all that comes up, which is pretty much all that comes up in physics for the BMAT.
如果你能把它们分类为电波，机械波，核波，你就会意识到一切都水落石出了，这几乎是 BMAT 物理考试中出现的所有内容。
And that's how I kind of categorized it, I just looked at all the past papers and realized, "Oh, wow, there's only four categories." That's how I personally like to structure my own... my subjects rather than relying on specification.
我就是这么分类的，我看了看过去所有的试卷，意识到，“哇，只有四个类别。”这就是我个人喜欢如何构建自己的......我的科目，而不是依赖于科目说明。
But anyway, however you do it, however you scope your subject, the point is you now have a list of all the topics that you need to revise down one column of the spreadsheet.
不管怎么说，不管你怎么做，不管你怎么限定你的科目，重点是你现在有了一个列表，上面有一列是你需要复习的所有主题。
Basically, the way the system works, it's... it's very simple.
基本上，这个系统的工作方式非常简单。
Every time you study a topic and you actively recall stuff from that topic.
每次你学习一个主题，你要积极回忆那个主题的东西。
Then you're allowed to write the current date in the... in the next column along in the spreadsheet.
然后，你可以在电子表格的下一列中写下当时的日期。
So in this example, today I did the abdominal exam and therefore I'm gonna write today's date in the box.
所以在这个例子中，今天我复习了腹部的知识，因此我要在方框中写下今天的日期。
Now let's say tomorrow I do the above abdominal exam again.
现在假设明天我要在复习一次腹部的内容。
I, you know, reread my notes on it if I... if I'm feeling particularly lazy.
我，你知道，重读我的笔记，如果我......如果我觉得特别懒。
If I'm feeling efficient, I would actively recall, I would be using my own questions.
如果我觉得效率很高，我会主动回忆，我会用我自己的问题。
And then once I've done that, then I put tomorrow's date in the box.
一旦我这样做了，我就把第二天的日期填进去。
So the idea is that over time, I'm kind of building up this list of repetitions of my subject.
这个想法是这样的，随着时间的推移，我在不断重复我的科目。
So I'm gonna show you an example of the spreadsheet that I used in my third year when I was doing psychology.
所以我要给你们看一个电子表格的例子，我在三年级时用过，当时我在学心理学。
I referenced this in the more video.
我在更多视频中引用了这个表格。
The collaboration that we did, which is really good fun and that you should watch if you haven't seen.
我们的合作非常有趣，如果你没看过，你应该去看看。
And loads of people asked, you know, can you tell us specifically about how you made the spreadsheet?
很多人问，你能具体说说你是怎么制作这些表格的吗？
This is how it worked.
以下就是它的工作原理。
I've got a list of essays that I want to learn down one side for each of the three different like papers within psychology.
我有一份论文清单，我想学习这三篇各自不同的心理学论文的内容。
And over time I built up this... this kind of repetition dates.
随着时间的推移，我建立了这个重复的日期表。
So like once I've read the essay and kind of like draw my spot a diagram for it, I'd write the date.
所以一旦我读了这篇文章，我就会在表格中标记一下，我会写上日期。
And I think something really useful is to color code each box based on how good you recall what's of that subject.
我认为真正有用的是根据你对这个主题的回忆程度来给每个框进行颜色编码。
So for example, if I knew it very very very well, I would color it green.
例如，如果我非常非常了解它，我会把它涂成绿色。
If I do... if I just didn't really know it at all, I'll color it red.
如果我......如果我根本不知道，我会把它涂成红色。
If I sort of knew it maybe 50%, I color it yellow.
如果我知道大概 50%，我把它涂成黄色。
And the nice thing about Google sheets is that you've got like, you know, gradations of red, orange, yellow, like halfway through.
谷歌表格的好处是有红色、橙色、黄色的渐变。
So it gives you a very visual representation of what are my weak areas, what are my strong areas.
所以它给了你一个非常直观的代表我的弱点和优点。
And that system, it's, it's, it's simple but it works really well.
这个系统很简单，但它运行得非常好。
The idea is just that, you know, over time you mark these down and then as as time progresses, you start off red and then they go be yellow and then this target in green.
这个想法只是，你知道，随着时间的推移，你把这些标记下来，然后随着时间的推移，你从红色开始，然后它们变成黄色，然后变成绿色。
And you realize, "Oh, wow, I know everything in the subject" because they've all been mark green.
然后你意识到，“哦，哇，我知道这个学科的一切”，因为它们都标成绿色了。
And I know I know it because the only reason I'm allowed to mark a date on it is if I've actively recalled information from this topic.
我知道我知道，是因为我被允许在上面标记日期的唯一原因是我主动回忆了这个主题的信息。
It's not just have I read the top chapter in the textbook, have I read over my notes.
并不是我有没有读过课本最上面的章节，有没有重读我的笔记。
That is a total waste of time.
那完全是浪费时间。
The important thing is have I recalled it, have I tried to write down as much as I know about the topic, have I answered my active recall questions for that particular topic.
重要的是我有没有回忆起它，我有没有试着写下我对这个主题的了解，我有没有回答我对那个特定主题的主动回忆的问题。
So yeah, that's the system.
所以是的，这个系统就是这样。
It's quite simple, you know, topics on one side and then all the times you revise the topic and actively recall it, please, along along the rest of it and then you color code it based on how good you were actively recalling the information.
这很简单，你知道，一边是主题，然后一直复习主题并积极回忆它，沿着它的其余部分，然后你根据你主动回忆信息的程度对它进行颜色编码。
Here are some more tips on how to use it effectively.
这里还有一些关于如何有效使用它的技巧。
Firstly, please start with the stuff that you don't know.
首先，请从你不知道的东西开始。
I think a very common thing is that you're, you know, it's time for me to study maths, I'm gonna open chapter one of my textbook and read and do problems that I know I already can do.
我认为一件非常常见的事情是，你知道，我是时候学习数学了，我要打开课本的第一章，阅读和做我知道我已经会做的问题。
I used to do this with chemistry.
我过去常常这样复习化学。
You know, I want to revise chemistry like open the CGP revision guide, fundamentals of chemistry, the periodic table.
你知道，我想复习化学，比如打开 CGP 复习指南，化学基础，周期表。
Oh, yes, you know, I know the periodic table song, why don't I sing the song in my head in trying to take of that... ?
哦，是的，你知道，我知道周期表的歌，为什么我不在脑海中唱这首歌，试图记住它？
You know, it was all stuff that I knew I already knew.
你知道，这都是我知道我已经知道的事情。
And yeah, I was doing it because it was like," Right, it's time to revise chemistry. I want to do what's easy." Please, that's... that's a bad thing to do and these days if I ever find myself doing that, I like mentally kicked myself in the head and say to myself, "No, I'm gonna do a topic that I know I don't know." One thing I like to do is that I like to start from the final topic in the textbook and work my way back up to the first.
是的，我这样做是因为我会想，“好吧，是时候复习化学了。我想做容易的事情。”拜托，这是一件坏事，这些天如果我发现自己在做这件事，我会给自己当头一棒，对自己说，“不，我要复习我知道自己不知道的话题。”我喜欢做的一件事是，我喜欢从教科书中的最后一个主题开始，然后一直到第一个主题。
This is especially true of lecture notes at university.
大学讲义尤其如此。
You find that, you know, you become very very familiar with the contents of like lecture one, two and three, but like lecture 13,14,15 out of like maybe 18, you like a bit... like a little bit shaky on those.
你会发现，你会非常非常熟悉第一课、第二课和第三课的内容，但是第十三课、第十四课、第十五课，大概是第十八课，你会记得不那么清楚了。
And it's so tempting when thinking "I'm gonna revise Anatomy. Just open the book to the first page." I think that's a terrible idea.
当我想，“我要复习解剖学。把书翻到第一页”的时候，这很诱人我认为这是个糟糕的主意。
In fact, I think it's a better idea just open the book at a random page or the last page and work you... and work your way back because that encourages you to tackle topics that you already don't know.
事实上，我认为打开书中随机的一页或最后一页，然后从后往前复习更好，因为这鼓励你去解决你不知道的话题。
And as we've established, the more effort it takes you to learn a topic, the more effort it takes you to actively recall, the stronger that information is gonna get encoded over time.
正如我们已经确定的那样，你学习一个主题需要的努力越多，你主动回忆需要的努力越多，随着时间的推移，这些信息就会被编码得越强。
So that's tip number one, don't study topics you already know, like focus on the stuff that you've marked as red, that you haven't done at all.
所以这是第一条建议，不要学习你已经知道的主题，专注于你标记为红色的东西，你根本没有复习过的内容。
Secondly, I think it's the mindset that works for... for this kind of spreadsheet system, at least for me, is that I take a very sort of scattershot approach for it.
其次，我认为这种心态适用于这种电子表格系统，至少对我来说，我采取了一种非常分散的方法。
Each day I try to fill in as many books as I possibly can because my reasoning is it's far better for me to blitz through a topic and then try and actively recall questions and then do that same thing for like ten different topics over time.
每天，我都尽可能多地填写书籍，因为我的理由是，对我来说，快速浏览一个主题，然后尝试主动回忆的问题，然后花时间针对十个不同的主题这样复习要好得多。
Then it is for me to kind of spend 10 hours focused on a single topic, which I might have been more tempted to do in previous days.
然后对我来说，花 10 个小时专注于一个主题，这可能是我之前想要做的。
And I think that's something that a lot of us do.
我想这是我们很多人都在做的事情。
We, we, we focus on like "I want to get really good at this topic before moving on".
我们，我们，我们专注于“在继续之前，我想真正掌握这个话题”。
Whereas I think this kind of the scattergun approach with the spreadsheet is that, you know, I know that I'm not gonna get good at this topic, but that's not the point.
而我认为电子表格的这种分散的方法是，你知道，我知道我不会很好地掌握这个话题，但这不是重点。
The point is I'm gonna be repeating this topic like eight times before my exam comes around.
关键是在我考试之前，我会重复这个话题八次。
I want to just kind of, kind of blitz it like write my recall questions, like actively recall, make my brain work and then move on to the next thing, and then move with the next thing after that.
我想进行闪电战，比如写我的回忆问题，比如主动回忆，让我的大脑工作，然后继续下一件事，然后继续下一件事。
And this is actually another technique.
这实际上是另一种技巧。
It's sort of in the literature, as sort of with evidence, it's called interleaved practice.
在文献中，这被称为交错练习。
You do a little bit of one thing and then, you know, before you quite have mastery of it, you switch tasks or something else.
你某件事做了一点点，然后，你知道，在你完全掌握之前，你要切换任务。
And then you switch to tasks with something else.
然后你切换到其他任务。
And they've got a lot of evidence from like sporting studies, where they've like analyzed hockey players and like coaching methods and stuff.
他们从体育研究中得到了很多证据，他们分析了冰球运动员，教练方法之类的东西。
And they do practice at one thing and then like the players get slightly annoyed because they were just getting good at that particular move before the coach moved... moved them on to something completely different.
他们确实练习某件事，然后球员会有点恼火，因为他们的教练要求他们完全掌握这件事之后才能练习别的事情。
But you realize over time that you result improved so much more if you take this approach where you kind of do it a bit, recall it a bit, move on, do it a bit, recall a bit, move on, do it a bit, recall a bit, move on, rather than "Right, I'm gonna do and I'm gonna get really good at the fundamentals of chemistry before moving on to the next topic." Instead, maybe more like right, I'm gonna spend 20 minutes in fundamentals of chemistry.
但是随着时间的推移，如果你采用这种做一点，回忆一点，继续前进，做一点，回忆一点，继续前进，做一点，回忆一点，继续前进的方法，而不是“好吧，我要复习，在进入下一个主题之前，我要很好地掌握化学基础。”，你会意识到你的成绩会提高很多。相反地，去想“我要花 20 分钟学习化学基础”是更好的方法。
I'm just gonna write down a list of all the questions I can think of.
我要把我能想到的所有问题都写下来。
I'm gonna go through them, through the questions in my head with a book close, try onto the questions.
我要在我脑子里回顾这些问题，把书合上，试着回答这些问题。
Right, let's move on to topic two.
好的，让我们进入第二个话题。
And in fact, to be honest, at GCSE and A-level, you can pretty much go through the entire... the entire textbook/CGP revision guide/AS revision guide, or whatever you're using.
事实上，老实说，在普通中等教育证书和高级水平考试中，你几乎可以浏览整本教科书/CGP 修订指南/AS 修订指南，或者你正在使用的任何东西。
You can do that in the matter of a few hours, if you take a very sort of scattergun.
你可以在几个小时内做到这一点，如果你带着一把“散弹枪”。
Like I don't care about the detail.
心想我不在乎细节。
I just want to make my brain work to recall information.
我只是想让我的大脑工作来回忆信息。
So yeah, I've run it a bit about this.
所以是的，我已经进行了一点。
I feel quite strongly about this... about this.
我对此感觉非常强烈。
I think that it's more efficient for us if we don't like focusing on mind with your particular topics.
我认为如果我们不喜欢把注意力集中在特定的主题上，对我们来说会更有效率。
And if we don't treat our revision as a block of chemistry, and then a block of this other topic in chemistry, and then a block of that, instead kind of do more of a sort of combining everything together, like a bit of this, bit of that, bit of this, bit of that, and then repeat the next day, and I think over time that builds up a stronger knowledge base and an understanding base.
如果我们不把复习视为复习这一块化学方面的知识，然后是另一块化学方面的话题，然后是另一块，而是更多地把一切结合在一起，比如一点这个，一点那个，一点这个，一点那个，然后第二天重复，我认为随着时间的推移，这会建立一个更强大的知识基础和理解基础。
This is not quite evidence-based, obviously.
很明显，这不是完全基于证据的。
This is my own personal opinion.
这是我个人的看法。
Please take it with a pinch of salt, but, you know, maybe try it out for a few days, you know, doing this thing of "I'm just gonna blitz through a lot of topics, quantity rather than quality in a way".
请对它持保留态度，但是，你知道，也许尝试几天，你知道，进行这种“我只是要闪电般地浏览很多主题，在某种程度上是数量而不是质量”的方法。
And I find, actually yeah, that's quite a good buzzword, quantity rather than quality.
我发现，实际上是的，这是一个相当好的流行语，数量而不是质量。
It's more important to get through a large number of topics than to get through a small number of topics and a lot of detail.
浏览大量的主题比浏览少量的主题和很多细节更重要。
Because often that detail doesn't really help us and it's the active, active recalling that's really building the connections in our brain.
因为通常这些细节并不能真正帮助我们，只有积极主动的回忆才能真正在我们的大脑中建立联系。
But yeah, I think it's all about scattergun approach.
但是是的，我认为这都是散弹枪的方法。
With the spreadsheet method, try and fill in as many books as you can in a given day rather than "I really want to get that box green before moving on".
使用电子表格方法，试着在一天内尽可能多地写入书籍，而不是“我真的想在继续前进之前把那个单元格变绿”。
So yeah, that is effectively how I do my revision.
所以是的，这就是我有效地复习的方式。
I use my magical spaced repetition spreadsheet system.
我使用的是神奇的间隔重复电子表格系统。
I have it on Google sheet, so I can fill it out wherever I am.
我把它放在谷歌表格上，所以无论我在哪里都可以填写。
I use active recall after, you know, I answer my list of questions I've written for each topic in my head, or out loud, or on paper, or whatever I'm feeling like.
我回答我在脑海中为每个主题写的问题列表后，我会使用主动回忆，或者大声说出来，或者写在纸上，或者任何我想做的事情。
And then once I've actively recalled it, I mark the date and I color code how easy it was to recall.
一旦我主动回忆起它，我会标记日期，我用颜色编码回忆起来的难易程度。
And this gives me a nice kind of pictorial representation of each of my subjects, each of the topics within those subjects, and how well I know those things.
这给了我一个很好的图像来代表我的每个科目，这些科目中的每个主题，以及我对这些内容的了解程度。
So I know exactly what to focus my attention on in, in future revision session.
所以我知道在以后的复习过程中我应该把注意力集中在什么地方。
Finally, I'm gonna talk about why I personally don't like the idea of a revision timetable.
最后，我要谈谈为什么我个人不喜欢复习时间表的想法。
I know this is blasphemy.
我知道这是亵渎神明。
I know a lot of other revision youtubers who are doing absolutely smashing it and doing really really well, fully endorse the idea of revision timetables.
我知道很多其他的复习 YouTube 博主们做得非常好，完全支持复习时间表的想法。
What I'd say to that is if it works for you, then that's absolutely fantastic.
我要说的是，如果它对你有用，那绝对棒极了。
I don't think it works for me.
我觉得它对我不起作用。
I've tried it.
我已经试过了。
Basically my issue with revision timetables is that you're expecting yourself to know how much you need to revise a particular topic.
基本上，复习时间表的问题是你期望自己知道你需要复习某个特定的主题到什么程度。
So I like, back in the day when I used to make a rigid timetables, I should be like," Right, on, on this day, I'm gonna do that, that and that topic. And the next I'm gonna do that and that... " I've been cooperating special petition into this, like obviously repeat topics.
我想，回到过去，当我制定一个严格的时间表的时候，我应该是这样的，“对，从今天开始，我要做那个，那个和那个主题。接下来我要做那个和那个......”我会一直重复话题。
But you know, my problem was that I'd, I'd be repeating topics that I didn't need to repeat or I wouldn't be spending as much time on topics that I didn't need to repeat.
但是你知道，我的问题是我，我会重复我不需要重复的话题，或者我不会花那么多时间在我不需要重复的话题上。
So ultimately, I realized that actually revision is... is a very fluid process.
所以最终，我意识到实际上复习是一个非常流畅的过程。
We all find different things difficult.
我们认为难的东西是不一样的。
We all progress at slightly different rates.
我们的进步速度都略有不同。
So if we make a timetable two months before our exam where we're telling ourselves, "Right, each day I want to stick to this topic, that topic and kind of regiment it like that", I don't think that works for me.
因此，如果我们在考试前两个月制定一个时间表，告诉自己，“对，每天我都想坚持这个话题，那个话题和类似的内容”，我不认为这对我有用。
Instead, as I said, I prefer to see revision is more of a fluid thing and that's why I really like my spreadsheet system because it doesn't give me any compulsion to do particular topically today.
相反，正如我所说，我更希望复习像是一件流畅的事情，这就是为什么我真的很喜欢我的电子表格系统，因为它今天不会让我有复习任何特定话题的冲动。
All I have to do is each morning, I'm, "Right, right, I'm gonna do some revision for section A or my paper one in psychology.
我所要做的就是每天早上，我想，“好吧，好吧，我要为心理学的第一部分或论文复习。
Let me look through my list and see which of these essays have the red mark by them.
让我看看我的清单，看看这些文章中有哪些被标记为红色。
Let me do those.
让我来复习这些。
Okay, perfect, those are done.
好的，完美，这些都完成了。
Now let's look at the yellows Yeah, let's spent time those.
现在让我们看看黄色的部分。是啊，让我们花时间复习那些内容。
And, you know, let's just make sure I still know the greens.
我们来确人一下我仍然知道绿色部分的知识。
Let me look at one of the greens." That sort of thing.
让我看看其中一个绿色表格的内容。”诸如此类的事情。
I wouldn't have been able to plan that in advance.
我不可能提前计划好。
And I think if I had tried in my third year to plan out my revision in advance like that, I wouldn't have done nearly so well as I ended up doing.
我想如果我在第三年尝试像那样提前计划我的复习，我不会做得这么好。
So yeah, that's why I don't like revision timetables, that's why these days I never make a revision timetable.
所以是的，这就是为什么我不喜欢复习时间表，这就是为什么最近我从来不制定复习时间表。
I use my spreadsheet and each day I decide, "OK, what is the stuff that needs working on? What's the stuff that's gonna make my brain work the hardest?", because that's what's gonna get me the biggest improvement in my mark rather than you know my timetable.
我使用电子表格，每天我都在想，“好吧，什么东西需要改进？什么东西会让我的大脑最努力地工作？”，因为这会让我的分数有最大的提高，而不是我的时间表。
But hey, everyone has their own thing.
但是，每个人都有适合自己的方法。
If you like timetables, then by all means go for it.
如果你喜欢时间表，那就去做吧。
I personally don't.
我个人是不喜欢的。
If you're finding that your timetable doesn't really help or that you've not really sticking to it, as was the case for me when I was in secondary school, then maybe try out this method, use the spreadsheet system, use whatever system you like.
如果你发现你的时间表没有什么用，或者你没有真正坚持下去，就像我在中学的时候一样，那么也许可以试试这个方法，使用电子表格系统，使用任何你喜欢的系统。
But don't feel like you have to structure your revision in a regimented fashion around a timetable.
但是不要觉得你必须围绕时间表以严格的方式组织你的复习。
It doesn't work for everyone.
它并不是对每个人都有效。
Okay, that brings us to the end of the video.
好的，我们的视频已经接近尾声。
I really hope this has been useful.
我真的希望这是有用的。
We've talked less about the evidence in this video than we did in the previous video.
与之前的视频相比，我们在这段视频中对证据的讨论较少。
The previous video, like objectively, I think is really really really good if you want to learn how to revise effectively, because active recall is the most important things and because there are a lot of interesting studies around it and because active recall is semi-unintuitive, like we all prefer to reread, highlight, underline, make notes.
客观地说，我认为之前的视频非常非常好，如果你想学习如何有效地复习，因为主动回忆是最重要的事情，因为有很多围绕它的有趣研究，因为主动回忆是半直观的，就像我们都喜欢重读、突出显示、下划线、做笔记一样。
With spaced repetition, it's a bit... it's a bit different, it's a bit harder to make like a video on this saying that, "Oh, this is gonna change... this is gonna blow your mind completely", because we all sort of know that spaced repetition works.
间隔重复有点不同，制作一个关于这个话题的视频说着，“哦，这会改变的......这会让你大吃一惊”有点难，因为我们都知道间隔重复是有效的。
We know that cramming doesn't really work very well.
我们知道死记硬背并不会起到很好的效果。
We know that it's good to repeat stuff.
我们知道重复是件好事
And I guess it's reasonable to say that, "Yeah, I'll repeat it a week later, and then a month later, and then I'll kind of know it better." But I hope that either way, you know, if you've got to this point, this videos giving you some value, what have we talked about?
我想说，“是的，我会在一周后重复它，然后一个月后，然后我会更了解它”是合理的。但我希望不管怎样，你知道，如果你已经到了这一步，这个视频给你带来了一些价值，我们谈了什么？
We've talked about, firstly, an introduction to spaced repetition.
首先，我们讨论了间隔重复的介绍。
We've said that obviously spacing repetition is better than cramming, but we've said that importantly as well, within a single study session, maybe spacing your repetition might be a good idea as well because that improves your recall according to the studies.
我们说过，显然间隔重复比临时抱佛脚更好，但我们也说过，同样重要的是，在一次学习过程中，间隔重复也可能是个好主意，因为根据研究，这会提高你的记忆力。
Secondly we talked about some ways in which you can incorporate spaced repetition into your study routine and your life.
其次，我们讨论了一些方法，可以将间隔重复纳入你的学习计划和生活。
We talked about ANKI very briefly.
我们简短地谈了谈 ANKI。
I'll link it down below if you want to check it out.
如果你想看看，我会在下面留下它的链接。
And we talked about this kind of mindset, the mindset shift that is a good way of learning anything not just like academic stuff, that you know, just a little bit each day is far better than focused massed crammed practice, which a lot of us are very kind of inclined to do including myself.
我们讨论了心态转变，这是学习任何东西的好方法，不仅仅是学术上的东西，你知道，每天只学一点点远远好于集中注意力的大规模填鸭式练习，我们很多人都很倾向于这样做，包括我自己。
And every time I catch myself doing that, I think, "No, it's all about spaced repetition." You know, I just need to do 10 minutes of slight reading practice a day and that's so much better than doing two hours on the weekend.
每次我这样做，我就想，“不，重要的是间隔重复。”你知道，我只需要每天做 10 分钟的轻微阅读练习，这比周末做两个小时要好得多。
And finally, I shared with you my own personal spreadsheet, magical spaced repetition system.
最后，我与你们分享了我的个人表格，神奇的间隔重复系统。
I call it magical.
我称之为神奇。
It's not that magical.
没那么神奇。
It's really really simple, but like it gives you a really nice pictorial representation of where you are for each of your subjects, I think that's really really important and it works very well for me.
这真的很简单，但是它会让你有一个非常好的图片来展示你每个科目的进度，我认为这真的很重要，对我来说效果很好。
Obviously, this particular spreadsheet system is not based on evidence.<