中考英语阅读理解提分技巧
阅读理解——中考考查内容及应对策略
#学习学中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A、B、 C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。阅读文章一般不少于三篇； 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等。
一、考查内容及提问方式
二、解题策略
1.速读全文，了解文体。考生应在十分有限的时间内运用略读、跳读等技能，查找关键词、主题句等。
2.仔细阅读题干，带着问题复读全文。首先，要阅读题干，明白问题的指向。其次，要理清问题的类型。必须在把握全文意思的基础上，进行深层次的推理，才能正确选择。最后，理解题干及选项所提供的信息。并注意题干的中心意思，尤其是疑问词、主语、谓语等，然后才逐步分析。
3.仔细阅读细节，学会对词语、句意思的转换理解。即学会“横看成岭侧成峰”的理解方式。
4.理顺文章的思想和脉络，加强逻辑推理，深层次的理解文章的主题及言外之意。
5.结合上下文猜测词义。准确的猜测词义也是阅读理解的一项重要能力。若不能准确猜测词义，则影响了对细节与全文意思的理解，从而降低了答题的准确性。应通过词根与构词知识，并结合上下文的推理、对比、因果关系和生活常识去推理词义。
三、常见题型示例
（一）细节类
【2014镇江】Ostrich(鸵鸟)Racing
South Africaand Jacksonville, Florida,USAare the two homes of ostrich racing. Why do some guys like to attend this extreme sport? The show is that sometimes four or even ten ostriches are marching forward and at a time, and this is seriously strange. For the supporters, there's a chance to ride an ostrich. Although if you don't want to be bitten or kicked, you can use carts（木车）like ostriches for racing instead.
1. According to the passage, why is ostrich racing seriously strange?
A. Because ostriches may bite and kick people.
B. Because supporters have chances to ride ostriches.
C. Because four or even ten ostriches are marching forward at a time.
D. Because it has two homes,South Africaand Jacksonville, Florida,USA.
（二）猜词类
【2014扬州】
Andi inched closer and dropped some water into the dog's mouth. He tried to stand up but failed. Something was wrong with his left front leg. Andi pulled out her phone to contact her husband, Jason, but he didn't respond. She knew that if she didn't carry the dog down the mountain, he would die.
1. What does the underlined word "respond', in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Pull. B. Contact. C. Speak. D. Answer.
（三）排序类
【2014宿迁】
Holmes said, “Somebody sent a letter with five pips (桔核) in it from India, and arrived seven weeks later to kill John’s uncle. Then they sent five pips from Scotland and arrived three days later to kill John’s father. Now they have sent five pips to John from London!”
“The letters are all from sea ports (海港). The writer was on a ship when he wrote the letters,” I replied.
“Very good, Watson! And John’s enemy is in London already!” ， “Well, I hope they won’t kill young John,” I said.
But they did. The next morning, we read in the newspaper that a policeman found him die near Waterloo station. Holmes was very angry about it.
“He came to me for help and those men murdered him! I’m going to find them, if it’s the last thing I do!” he said to me, and he hurried out of the house.
At night, when he came back, he was tired, but pleased, he said, “I know the names of John’s enemies! And now I’m going to send them a surprise! This will frighten them!” He took five pips from an orange and put them in an envelope (信封). On it he wrote “S. H. for J. C.”
“I’m sending the pips to captain James Calhoun. His ship is called the Star. He and his men are sailing back toGeorgia,USA.”
“How did you find him, Holmes?” I asked.
“Ship’s papers,” he said, “I’ve looked at hundreds of them today. Only one ship, the Star, was in the three ports at the right times, this morning the Star left London to sail back toGeorgia. I found out that the captain and two of his men, all Americans, weren’t on the ship last night, so I’m sure they killed John. When they arrive inAmerica, they’ll get the pips and then the police will catch them!”
Which order is correct according to the story?
① John came to Holmes for help.
② John received a letter with five pips.
③ John was killed.
④ Holmes sent five pips to J. C.
A. ③①④② B. ③④①② C. ④①③② D. ②①③④
（四）推断类
【2014无锡】
Mr. Jones opened a shop in Aston to sell writing-paper, pencils and things like that. During the first month, very few people visited his shop. He sold little, and he could see that he was going to lose money.
One night, Mr. Jones sat by the fire and was worried after another very bad day. Suddenly he got an idea. He found a piece of wood and wrote to the following notice on it in big letters:
“WHAT DO YOU THINK I GIVE AWAY PENCILS AND PAPER AND INK”
He put up the notice in front of the shop window before he went to bed. He slept better than usual that night.
The following day, many people came to the shop. Mr. Jones said good morning to them all with a bright smile and asked the first woman what she wanted.
She chose some writing paper and a pencil. As soon as he out them on her hands, she turned to leave the shop.
“That will be thirty cents(美分），please,” he said.
“Why?” she asked in surprise.
“That’s the price of the paper and the pencil.”
“But your notice says it’s free,” she replied.
“Oh no,” he said, “how can I make any money if everything is free?”
She took him outside and showed him the notice “It is wrong, too,” she said. “where is the question mark after the world ‘think’?”
“There isn’t a question mark,” he said.
“But there should be one .”
“I’m afraid you’ve made a mistake,” Mr. Jones said. “You have read my notice in the wrong way.”
“Not at all,” said the woman. “It is quite easy to read. It says: What do you think? I give away pencils and paper and ink!”
“No,” Mr. Jones said. “You should read it like this: ____2_____And the answer to the question is: Certainly not! So you really have to pay me thirty cents, you see.”
1. What can we infer(推断) from the story?
A. Mr. Jones agreed to let the shoppers get things for free that day.
B. People in the town considered Mr. Jones a smart and honest man.
C. The woman paid the money unwillingly and left the shop angrily.
D. Mr. Jones s trick proved to be a longtime success and he got rich.
（五）主旨大意类
【2014南通】
For 21 years，Georges Bwelle watched his ill father traveling to hospitals，which could not offer him all necessary help.
Jamef Bwelle suffered only a broken arm at first，but it finally developed into a hematoma. That would affect him for the rest of his life. Bwelle spent years taking his father to overcrowded hospitals.
It was not easy. They would leave home at 5 a.m. and ran to the hospital to be the first. There were a lot of patients. Some people could die because they were waiting.
The situation hasn’t changed much since Bwelle’s father died in 2002.
In Cameroon，there is one doctor for every 5,000 people while in the United States there is one doctor for every 413 people. And even if they could see a doctor，many Cameroonians couldn’t afford it.
When he saw his father and so many of his countrymen suffer，Bwelle decided to do something about it.
He became a doctor himself. And he started an organization，ASCOVIME. It travels into the countryside on weekends to provide free medical care. Since 2008，he and his group of volunteers have helped nearly 32,000 people.
Almost every Friday，his team jam into vans and travel to villages in need. In each trip they receive 500 people. Patients come on foot from 60 kilometers around the village for free treatment.
The next morning，the team will do simple operations in a schoolhouse，town hall or home，and work into the early hours of Sunday morning.
On Sunday，the team heads back to the city，tired but proud of their work. They know that their help can make a world of difference to those they help.
For his devotion to his country and people，Georges Bwelle becomes one of the 2013 Heroes voted throughout the world.
The passage mainly tells us_________ .
A. why Bwelle decided to become a doctor
B. what bad conditions Cameroonians are in
C. that doctors are badly needed inCameroon
D. how Bwelle has become an admired doctor
（六）标题类
【2014苏州】
The Chicago Fire of 1871 was the worst disaster of the 19th century.
The fire is said to have started one evening in Mrs. O'Leary's barn (牲口棚）on the West Side of Chicago. Several hours after she milked her cow, it kicked over an oil lamp, and the cow started the fire. We do not know if the story is true, but we do know that the fire began in a barn on the West Side.
The fire spread quickly because of the wooden buildings, a strong wind, and a dry season. The fire lasted 27 hours and spread to all parts of the city. Other cities sent 25 fire companies to help put out the fire. Federal troops (联邦军队）were also used to help fight the fire and keep order, too. At last rain put out the fire.
There was a lot of damage. 90,000 people were left homeless, and 18,000 buildings were destroyed. Property damage (财产损失）was almost 200 million dollars. In addition, about 300 people died.
People from all over the world helped Chicago by sending food and clothing. Within a month 4,000 cottages (小屋）with two rooms had been built to house people. In a few years, Chicago was completely rebuilt.
1. The best title for this passage is_______.
A. Mrs. O’Leary's Cow B. A Terrible Fire C. An Oil Lamp D. The Year 1871
（七）代词指代类
【2014盐城】
He remembered the 25 farm cats he grew up with. They gave him ideas for a cat comic strip. In the comic strip. Garfield became the central character in daily difficult experiences with Jon, his owner, and other characters. He is lazy, funny and hungry.
1. Who does the underlined word “He” refer to in the fifth paragraph?
A. Jim. B. Jon. C. Dave. D. Garfield.
举报/反馈