专八词汇及练习题
．Division n the act of dividing or partitioning; separation 分开或分割
The division of wealth is very important.
派生词汇Divide vt 分割，分离 dividend n 红利
2．Splitting adj very painful 剧烈的
I have got a splitting headache.
派生词汇Split 劈开，切开adj已被分开的或被劈开的n劈开
3．Audible adj that is heard or that can be heard 听得见的
Her voice was scarcely audible above the noise of the wind.
派生词汇Audibly adv 能听见地 audibleness n 可被听到 audibility n 能听度
4．Ethnic adj of a national, racial or tribal group that has a common cultural tradition 种族的
Do not look at it with your ethnic view.
5．Causality ncause and result 因果
Do not forget the causality.
派生词汇Casual adj 表原因的，构成原因的，因果关系的
6．Landslide n sliding of a mass of earth, rock, etc. down the side of a mountain, cliff, etc 崩塌，滑坡
There is a landslide.来源：
7．Aiden assistance 助手
They are the chief aides to the President.
8．Cinematograph n a movie camera or projector 电影摄影机或放映机
I have a cinematograph.www.Ｅxamda.CoM
v to make films or movies 拍摄电影
派生词汇Cinematographer n 电影摄影师
9．Addicted adj unable to stop taking or using sth as a habit 入了迷的，上瘾的
He becomes addicted to drugs.
固定搭配Addict oneself to, be addicted to
派生词汇Addict v 使人上瘾Addictive adj 成瘾的addiction n 沉溺
10．Tranquilizer n drug used to diminish anxiety 镇静剂，安静药
She is taking tranquilizers frequently.
Exercises1. Sound is ___ only within a limited distance.
2. The people on this globe is divided into groups according to __ and cultural differences.
3. The economists must study the ___ relationship between scarcity of goods and higher prices.
4. ___ behaviour should be seen as kind of mental disease.
5. The physician uses ___ to reduce the patients’ tension or anxiety.
1. Audible
2.ethnic
3.causal
4.Addictive
5.tranquilizers
1. marijuana n dried leaves etc, of hemp, smoked in cigarettes as a drug大麻
2. evoke v to inspire or draw forth 引起，激起
The music evoked memories of her youth.
派生词汇：Evocative adj 引起回忆的，唤起感情的evocation n引起，唤起 evocable adj可换出的
3. undisturbed adj not disturbed or interfered with 不受干扰的，未受干扰的
The old man likes living an undisturbed life.
派生词汇：Disturbance n打扰；烦恼；混乱 disturber n 干扰者 disturbing adj 烦扰的 disturbingly 另人不安地
4. arable adj fitfor cultivation, as by plowing 可耕作的
There is no arable land.
n land fit to be cultivated 可耕地
5. harrow vt to pull a harrow over land 耙地
The land has been harrowed.
6. herbicide n substance that is poisonous to plants, used to destroy weed 除草剂
He bought herbicide to destroy weed.
派生词汇：Herbicidal adj 除草的 论坛
7. germinate vt to cause sth start growing 使某物发芽，萌芽
The plentiful rain germinated my plants.
vi to begin to sprout or grow 开始发芽或发育
The cabbage germinated within a week.
派生词汇：Germination n 萌芽，发育
8. dormant adj temporarily inactive 潜伏的，休眠的Many plants lies dormant throughout the winter.
必背搭配：Lie dormant 潜伏，冬眠来源：
9. unyoke v to free from chains or unfair limitation 解除束缚，
The cow was unyoked.
10.tamarind n (edible fruit of) a tropical tree罗望子树（果）
There are many tamarinds in Africa.
Exercises 1.The newly published review on the book has ___ much controversy.
2.China is lacking in____ land.
3.The land must be _____ before we plant the grains.
4.Seeds _____ in the spring.
5.Her feelings of affection are ____ but easily awakened.
答案： 1.evoked
2.arable
3.harrowed
4.geminate
5.dormant
1. litigation n. process of going to law; lawsuit 打官司，诉讼
eg: The lawyer has prepared for litigation.
2. magistrate n. a civil officer with power to a administer and enforce law 地方行政官，有权执法和实施法律的公务员
eg; I find but only two sorts of writings which the magistrate cared to take notice of: those either blasphemous and atheistical, or libelous.
我发现这些地方官员们只关心两种文字：那些无神论者亵渎神明的或者是中伤他人作品的。
3. affidavit n. a written declaration made under oath before a notary public or other authorized officers. 宣誓书，在公证人或其他裁判官员面前经宣誓而立下的书面声明
eg: You must make an affidavit when you give witness on behalf of the accused person.
必背搭配： make an affidavit; swear an affidavit; take an affidavit
4. loophole
n. ①an ambiguity that makes it possible to evade a difficulty or obligation
漏洞，逃避困难的一个办法，逃避遵守的方法
eg: Don’t try to find loophole in the law.
②a small hole in a fortified wall; for observation or discharging weapons
枪眼，墙上的小洞或小缝，尤指通过其可以进行观察和射击的
eg: The soldiers fired at the enemies through the loopholes.
5. buttermilk n. residue from making better from sour milk
酪乳，将乳脂从牛奶或一次提制的奶油中除去之后的剩余物
eg: No one enjoyed buttermilk.没有人会喜欢喝乳酪。
6. pickle n. vegetables(especially cucumbers) preserved in bring or vinegar 腌菜，泡菜
eg: Baoding produces excellent mixed pickles.
7. crony n. a long-time close friend or companion 密友
eg: He and I were cronies at school. www.Ｅxamda.CoM
8. sooty n. covered with or as if with soot 被煤烟覆盖的或似乎被煤烟覆盖的
eg: In the center of the house stands a sooty stove.
The boy began to smile at us, revealing two rows of white teeth under his sooty face.
9. unroll vt. ①reverse the winding or twisting of 解开
eg: Richards unrolled his quilt to make the bed.
②to unfold and present to view; reveal 揭示，使之能被人看到
eg: The captain unroll the map.来源：
10. inexplicable adj. incapable of being explained or accounted for 难以或无法解释或说明的
eg: the inexplicable disappearance of some nonlocal seasonal women workers worried everyone.
派生词汇 inexplicability n. 不可解释性 inexplicably adv. 无法解释地
inexplicableness n. 费解 explicable adj. 可解释的
Exercise： 从以上单词中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。
1. They are not familiar with the insurance against_____.
2. The merchants should not take advantage of the ____ of law to earn more money.
3. The peasants usually prepare_____ in autumn for winter to save money, for vegetables are expensive in the last season of the year.
4. Every schoolboy has one or two____ to accompany him in his activities.
5.the old man left house at three in the morning for____ reasons.
答案 1. litigation 2. loopholes 3.pickles 4.cronies 5.inexplicable
1. utopia n. ideally perfect state; especially in its social, political and moral aspects 乌托邦，想象中政治上或道德上完美的国家
2. twilit adj. dimly lit (by the twilight ) 微明的，昏暗的
e.g.: At last, he appeared in the twilit gloom.
3.paycheck n. a check issued in payment of wages or salary 付薪水的支票或工资
eg：The new appropriations bill means a larger paycheck for state employees.
He had not given me a paycheck yet.
必背搭配 paying the check 付钱
4. pitch
① n. black, sticky substance made from coal tar, wood tar or petroleum used for waterproofing, roofing, caulking, and paving 沥青,用于防水，盖屋顶，填缝和铺路
eg：“Useless” things can be useful. For instance, pitch can be used to pave the road.
②vt. to throw, usually with careful aim 投，投掷，常指在小心地瞄准后
eg: He pitched the can out of the window.
必背搭配 as dark as pitch; pitch dark 漆黑
5.fiddling adj. trivial, unimportant 无用的；无足轻重的
eg: We should not bother with the fiddling little things.
6. attainable adj. that can be attained 可获得的，可达到的，可实现的
eg: These objectives are certainly attainable.
派生词汇 attainableness n. 可实现 attainability n. 可实现性
7. dynamite n. things likely to cause violent reactions 能引起强烈反应的事物
e.g.: The abortion issue is political dynamite.
派生词汇 dynamics n. 动力学，力学 ; dynamism n. 精力，活动，推动力
8. loathing n. great dislike; abhorrence 厌恶，憎恨
e.g.: She feels intense loathing for him.
派生词汇 Loathe vt. 憎恶; loathingly adv. 憎恶地
9. recipient n. person who receives something 接受者
e.g.: The recipients of prizes had their names printed in the paper.
10. nudge vt. Touch or push (sb.) with one’s elbow to draw his attention to sth.
以肘碰或推（某人）（使其注意某事）
e.g.: I nudged her and pointed to the man across the street.
11.counseling n. advice, esp. from a professional person （尤指行家的）意见
e.g.: a student counseling service 辅导学生的工作
派生词汇 counsel vt. 提出建议；劝告 n. 劝告 council n. 会议，商议
councilor n. 评议员，顾问，参事；（市，镇等）议会的议员 counselor n. 顾问，律师
词汇辨析 council, counsel 和consul 是不能互相代替的。council 和councilor 主要指评议集会（例如市议会或学生会），及其工作和会籍。counsel和counselor 主要涉及大体上的建议和指导，并涉及提供建议的人。consul指参与国家外事服务的官员。
12. perilous adj. full of risk, dangerous 多险的，危险的
e.g.: a perilous journey across the mountain
派生词汇 perilously adv. 危险地 perilousness n. 冒险，危险性 peril n. 极大的危险
13. rapprochement n.（法）renewal of friendly relations, esp. between countries 友好关系的恢复（尤指国家间）
e.g.: a rapprochement between warring states, faction, ect. 交战国、派系等恢复友好关系
14. propaganda n. publicity that is intended to spend ideas or information that will persuade or convince people （观念的）宣传，（信息的）传播
e.g.: There has been so much propaganda against smoking that many people have given it up.
必背搭配 make propaganda for
派生词汇 propagate vt. 宣传；增值，繁殖；传播；普及
15. strive n. try very hard (to obtain or achieve sth. )（为获得或实现某事）努力，奋斗
e.g.: strive for success 力争获得成功。
必背搭配 strive after / for / toward; strive with / against
派生词汇 strivingly adv. 努力地
从以上单词中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。
Exercise:
__1__is an imaginary island invented by Sir Thomas More.
We cannot see our way in the __2__dark.
The beggar only asks a __3__ sum of money but is refused disdainfully by the gentleman.
__4__ is the science that studies the effects of forces on the motion of a body or system of bodies, especially of forces that do not originate within the system itself.
You__5__ the smell of greasy food when you are seasick.
John Dennis traveled across the __6__ Alps in 1688.
Most plants __7__ by seed.
答案：1.Utopia 2. pitch 3. fiddling 4. Dynamics 5. loathe 6.perilous 7. propagate
1. strata n. level or class in society, pl. of stratum （社会的）阶层
e.g.: a gathering of people from a variety of social strata
2. reconciliation n. the reestablishing of cordial relations or getting two things to correspond 和解，调和，一致
e.g.: the reconciliation of ideas, opinions, etc.
派生词汇 reconcile v. （使）和好 reconcilement n. 和好 reconciler n. 和解人
reconciliatory adj. 调和的
3. prorate adv.& adj. in proportion成比例
e.g.: If production costs go up. There will be a prorata increase in prices / process will increase prorata.
4. fiat n. formal authorization, order or decree 谕，命令，法令
e.g.: The opening of a market stall is governed by municipal fiat.
5. complement n. thing that goes well or suitable with sth else, or make it complete 相配合的事物；补充物；补足物
e.g.: Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.
派生词汇 complementary adj. 补充的
6. ineligible①adj. not having the appropriate or necessary qualifications (for sth.)
不合格的，无资格的
e.g.: Any person under the age of 18is ineligible for benefit.
②n. one that is not eligible 不合格的人
e.g.: The ineligibles are those extremely poor people.
必背搭配 （be）ineligible for ; ineligible to do
派生词汇 ineligibility n. 不合格 ineligibleness n.不合格 ineligibly adv. 不合格地
7. curator n. a person in charge of a museum, an art gallery, etc. 博物馆，美术馆等（的）馆长
e.g.: He had worked as a curator.
8. immunity n. ability to resist infection, disease, etc. 免疫力
e.g.: This vaccine will give you immunity for two years.
派生词汇 immune adj. （常与against, from, to连用）免疫的；免受（伤害）的；（常与from, to连用）被豁免的 n. 免疫者 immunize vt. 使有免疫力，使免除；immunization n. 免疫作用
9. unmask vt. Remove a mask from sb. 除去某人的面具
e.g.: The revelers unmasked at midnight.
10. homosexual①adj. sexually attracted only to people of the same sex as oneself同性恋的
e.g.: He has the homosexual tendencies.
②n. a homosexual person; a gay man or a lesbian 同性恋者
e.g.: He is a homosexual.
派生词汇 homosexuality n. 同性性恋爱
11. seatbelt n. a safety belt used in a car or plane to hold you in your seat in case of an accident 飞机、汽车等的安全带
e.g.: Fasten your seatbelt!
12. shoulder-strap n. narrow strip of material that goes over the shoulder to support a bra, nightdress, etc. 保护肩膀的肩带
e.g.: The dress’s shoulder-strap was broken.
13. enhance vt. Increase(the good qualities of sb / sth), make (sb / sth)look better增强某人的优点，使某人看起来更好
e.g.: Those clothes do nothing to enhance her appearance.
派生词汇 enhancement n. 增加，提高
14. overpower vt. Be too strong or powerful for sb by greater strength or numbers 强得使某人承受不住，以力量或数量战胜某人
e.g.: The police easily overpowered the burglars.
派生词汇 Overpowering adj. 不可抗拒的；压倒（优势）的；极强大的
15. ergonomics n. study of work and working conditions in order to improve people’s efficiency 工效学，工作环境改造学（与单词动词连用）
e.g.: He is an expert at ergonomics.
派生词汇 ergonomist n. 工作环境改造学家，生物工艺学家 ergonomic (ergonomical) adj. 人机工程学的，人与机械控制的
Exercise从以上单词中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。
He was __1__to vote, because he didn’t belong to the club.
The criminal wad told he would be __2__from punishment if he helped the police.
__3__ activities are lawful in many countries.
She had sweetness to her face, a warmth that was __4__ by luminous dark eyes.
__5__ is the applied science of equipment design, as for the workplace, intended to maximize productivity by reducing operator fatigue and discomfort.
The works protect against the privileged__6__.
A __7__ has been made between the two countries after the war.
The loss was shared __8__.
答案： 1.ineligible 2.immune 3. Homosexual 4.enhances 5.Ergonomics 6.strata 7.reconciliation 8.prorata
1. condemnation n. An expression of strong disapproval; pronouncing as wrong or morally culpable 谴责，严厉指责
e.g.: He deserved nothing but condemnation.
派生词汇 condemn vt. 谴责 condemning adj. 谴责的 condemningly adv. 谴责地 condemnable adj. 该罚的，该受谴责的 condemnatory adj. 处罚的，定罪的；谴责的
2. persecution n. the act of oppressing or harass with ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, sexual orientation, or beliefs 迫害，烦扰
e.g.: They suffered persecution for their beliefs.
派生词汇 persecute vt. 迫害，困扰 persecutor n. 迫害者，虐待者 persecute n. 受迫害者
3. pitiful adj. inspiring or deserving pity 可怜的，引起或值得同情的
e.g.: Their suffering was pitiful to see. 他们受的苦让人见了同情。
派生词汇 pitifulness n. 可怜 pitifully adv. 可怜地
4. cleanse vt. To make thoroughly clean or purge of an ideology, bad thoughts, or sins 使彻底清洁；清洁或使（思想等）变纯洁
e.g.: She felt cleansed of her sins after confession.
派生词汇 cleanser n. 清洁工人；清洁剂；清洁器
5. macaque n. a kind of monkey 猕猴，恒河猴，短尾猴
e.g.: There are three features of Japanese macaques.
6. retaliation n. action taken in return for an injury or offence 报复
e.g.: The situation is complicated by the retaliations of the two sides.
派生词汇 retaliate vt. 报仇，反击 retaliative adj. 报复性的 retaliatory adj. 报复的
7. analogous adj. partially similar or parallel; offering an analogy 类似的，相似的
e.g.: The two processes are not analogous.
必背搭配 be analogous to
派生词汇 analogue n. 相似物，类似情况 analogy n. 类推，类比 analogousness n. 类似，相似性 analogously adv. 相似地
8. pecking-order n. a hierarchy among a group, as of people, classes, or nations任何团体中之长幼尊卑次序
e.g.: Newcomers have to accept their position at the bottom of the pecking-order.
9. ethnologist n. student or expert in ethnology 民族学研究者，民族学家
e.g.: Amy is an ethnologist.
派生词汇 ethnology n. 人种学 ethnologic(ethnological) adj. 人种学的
ethnologically adv. 人种学地
10. correlate ①vt. to put or bring into causal, complementary, parallel, or reciprocal relation 使相互关联
e.g.: I cannot correlate these two pieces of information.
② vi. to be related by a correlation 和……相关
e.g.: The results of this experiment do not correlate with the results of earlier ones.
③adj. related by a correlation, especially having corresponding characteristics 相关的，关联的
e.g.: The diameter and the circumference of a circle are correlate. 圆的直径与圆周有相互关系。
④n. either of two correlate entities; a correlative 相关一方，两个相对应的方面的任一方
e.g.: Scientific research requires a careful study of all the correlates.
必背搭配 correlate with
派生词汇 correlatable adj. 相关的，可对比的 correlated adj. 相关的
11. predator n. animal that kills and eats other animals 掠夺者，食肉动物
e.g.: Tiger is predator.
派生词汇 predatory adj. 食肉的，掠夺性的
12.necessitate vt. to make sth necessary 使成为必要
e.g.: It’s an unpopular measure, but the situation necessitates it. 这是不得人心的办法，但是形势要求这样做。
派生词汇 necessity n. 必要性，需要；[常用复数]必需品 necessitation n. 迫使，被迫 necessitous adj. 紧迫的；穷的，贫困的
13. colossal adj. very large 巨大的
e.g.: This is a colossal building.
派生词汇 colossus n. （pl. colossi） 巨像，巨人，巨物
14. deposit ①vt. to settle 沉积
e.g.: The Nile floods the fields and deposits mud on them.
②n. something deposited, especially by a natural process 沉积物
e.g.: Valuable mineral deposits have been found in this region.
派生词汇 depository n. 储藏室，存放处；受托人，保管人
15. silt ①n. sand, mud etc carried by flowing water and left at the mouth of a river, in a harbor, etc.淤泥
e.g.: The dam can prevent the deposit of silt.
②vi. to become filled with silt 被淤塞，使塞满泥沙
e.g.: The old channel has been silted up.
派生词汇 silty adj. 淤泥的，塞满了淤泥的
Exercise从以上单词中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。
Purgatory is supposed to __1__you from your sins.
The Israeli army __2__for the Hamas bombing.
Human heart is an__3__ of the pump.
The astronauts had developed a __4__that was military in its rigidity.
Research workers find it hard to__5__the two sets of figures.
The pessimists consider the bourgeois society is a__6__, insensate world in which innocence and decency can prove fatal.
The increase in population__7__ a greater food supply.
There remain the __8__ crumbling ruins of an ancient temple beside the left bank of the river.
If you evaporate a little seawater on a porcelain dish; on cooling, crystals of common salt will__9__on the sides of the dish.
River sediments gradually __10__ the harbor.
答案： 1. cleanse 2. retaliated 3. analogous 4. pecking-order 5.correlate
6.predator 7. necessitates 8.colossal 9. deposit 10. silted
1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。
2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在
3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉
4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on
5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有
6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解
7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,
8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地
9. in accord with 与…一致 / out of one’s accord with 同….不一致
10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地
11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据
12. on one’s own account
1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益
2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责
3) (=by oneself)依靠自己
on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.
13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去
14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)
15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.
16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.
17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告
19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.
20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉
21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理
22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于
23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)
24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之
25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循
27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的
28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;
29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.
30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.
31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.
32. have an advantage over 胜过.
have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件
have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.
34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意
35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致
36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.
37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.
38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.
39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计
40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不;
all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.
41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.
42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.
43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.
44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.
45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for
46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉
47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力
48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用.
49. apply to 与…有关;适用
50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准
51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.
52. arrange for sbhttps://baijiahao.baidu.com/sth. to do sth. 安排…做…
53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方);
54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻
55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信.
56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结
57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…
58. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料
59. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法
60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果
61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均
62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.
63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面
64. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起.
65. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台
66. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃
67. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)
68. be based on / upon 基于
69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上
70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢
71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)
72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义
73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sthhttps://baijiahao.baidu.com/sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰.
74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处.
75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)
76. for the better 好转
77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.
78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生
79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上
80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作)
81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机
82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘
83. out of breath 喘不过气来
84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之
85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的
86. take the floor 起立发言
87. on business 出差办事.
88. be busy with sth.于某事。 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
89. last but one 倒数第二.
90. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设
91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买
92. be capable of 能够, 有能力
be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被…的
93. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何
94. in case (=for fear that) 万一;
95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一
in the case of 至于…, 就…而言
96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)
97. be cautious of 谨防
98. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上
99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定.
100. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地
精讲2 __1__ The study of __ is Syntax.
A textual organization B sentence structures C word formation D language functions
__2__ Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?
A arbitrariness B productivity C cultural transmission D finiteness
__3__ The speech act theory was first put forward by__.
A John Scarl B Johan Austin C Noarn Chomsky D M.A.K Halliday
__4__ The capital city of Canada is __.
A Montreal B Ottawa C Vancouver D York
__5__ U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.
A eight-year B four-year C six-year D two year
__6__ Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.
A Huston B Baltimore C Philadelphia D Boston
__7__The state church in England is __.
A The Baptist B The Roman Catholic C The Protestant Church D The Church of England
__8__ The novel Emma is written by__.
A Jane Austen B Elizabeth C Gaskell C Charlotte Bronte D Mary Shelley
__9__ Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?
A William Wordsworth B Percy B. Shelley C George G. Byron D George Eliot
__10__ William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.
A his poem B his plays C His novels D his short stories
这套题是05年的真题哦. KEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD
1. 选B。 Syntax （句法），研究词或其他句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科。
2. 选D。语言的区别性特征包含有五个特征：arbitrariness(任意性)，productivity(能产性), duality（双层性） displacement,（不受时空限制｛ cultural transmission. （文化传递性）。 Arbitrariness,指一句话所表达的意思与表达这个意思的语言文字之间的关系不确定。Productivity,事实上，能产性有时也称之为创造性，指的是人们可以构造或理解无穷多的新语句。duality, 语言结构的二重性指的一个是语音结构，另一个是语义结构。 cultural transmission指的是语言不像遗传基因那样才能代代相传，语言必须作为一个体系，必须一点一点的习得。人所要学的某一特定的语言是文化的即社会的语言，人出生后孤立于文化或社会环境之外是无法习得语言的。
3. 选B。言语行为理论是由英国哲学家奥斯汀提出的假说。60年代，英国哲学家J?L?Austin奥斯汀和J?Searle赛尔勒先后发表了“语言行为”的理论。根据奥斯汀的言语行为理论，当人们所处每句话时，不管其是否含有行为动词，都包含有“说”的成分和“做”的成分，即言内行为locutionary act，言外行为illocutionary act和言后行为perlocutionary act.
4. 选B。Canada的首度是Ottawa(渥太华)。Toronto（多伦伦多）是加拿大最大的城市；Montreal （蒙
利特尔）加拿大第二城市；Vancouver（温哥华）为第三大城市。
5. 选B。美国总统大选每四年进行一次。美国法律规定每逢以4能除尽的年份的11月的第一个星期一后的星期二举行大选，选举总统和副总统，任期4年。每逢逢双的年份选举众议员，任期2年，并改选1/3的参议员，任期6年。
6. 选A。Huston （休斯顿）是位于美国南部Texas（德克萨斯州） 的城市，而Boston（波士顿） Baltimore （巴尔的摩）Philadephia（费城）都是位于美国东北部的大城市。
7. 选D。The Church of England (英国圣公会)，是英国的国家教会，是亨利八世1531年创立的，他颁布了《最高法案》，宣布国王取代教皇成为教会的首脑。英国国教会和国家的关系是一种权利和义务的关系，国王必须是英国国教徒和教会的支持者。
8. 选A。Emma爱玛是Jane Austen简?奥斯汀的重要作品之一，描写女主人认识自身并逐渐抛开幻想的过程。奥斯汀刻意描绘的都是平常的人和事，但不乏社会关系的最深入的描写。她正是通过对熟悉的人和事的描写展示了她所生活时代英国乡绅阶层的生活景观，如财产继承，家庭问题，教育状况，妇女地位和出路以及道德与习俗等。她的作品以深刻清新和细致敏锐而着称，包含了超越历史时空的对人性的透视和哲理。
9. 选D。乔治?爱略特George Eliot是玛丽?安?伊万斯Mary Ann Evans的笔名，这位才女是19世纪现实主义小说的代表。William Wordsworth（威廉?华兹华斯），Percy。B Shelly（雪莱）， George G?Byron (拜伦)都是英国浪漫主义诗歌的代表。
10. 选D。O?Henry（欧?亨利）原名William Sidney Porter （威廉?西德尼?波特），美国著名短篇小说，《麦琪的礼物》是他最著名的代表作之一，有人称之为“或许是文学里最佳的通俗故事。”
精讲3 ___1___ The longest river in Britain is ___?
A Severn B Tees C Thames D Clyde
___2___ The British Isles is made up of ___?
A Three large islands and hundreds of small ones B Two large islands and hundreds of small ones C Three large islands and dozens of small ones D Two large islands and dozens of small ones
___3___ In ___ the Romans conquered Greece.
A 146 B.C B 1200 B.C C 700 B.C D the 5th century
___4___ Which work described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?
A Antigone B Odyssey C Iliad D Oedipus the king
___5___ There are three political divisions ___ on the island of Great Britain.
A England, Scotland, and Ireland B England, Scotland, and Wales C England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland D Northern Ireland, Wales, and Scotland
___6___ The Tower of London, located in the centre of London, was built by___.
A King Harold B William the Conqueror C Robin Hood D Oliver Cromwell
___7___ St. Paul’s Cathedral is in ___.
A Liverpool B London C Glasgow D Birmingham
___8___ The largest lake in Britain is ___?
A Ullswater B Loch Lomond C Windermere D The Lough Neagh
___9___ Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C?
A Roman Culture B Greek Culture C Chinese Culture D Egyptian Culture
___10___The founder of scientific mathematics is ___.
A Aristotle B Heracleitus C Socrates D Pythagoras
答案：1. 选A。 Severn（塞汶河）为英国最长的河，长约338千米。 Thames（泰晤士河）为英国第二大河。
2. 选B。 大不颠岛山大不颠岛和爱尔兰岛两个大岛和数百个小岛组成。
3. 选A。 公元前146年，罗马征服希腊。考试~大
4. 选C。 Iliad《伊利亚特》描述了由 Agamemnon（阿伽门侬）领导的Troy（特洛伊）战争。
5. 选B。 大不颠岛有三大政治区：England英格兰、Scotland苏格兰、Wales威尔士，其中人口最多，面积最大的岛是England（英格兰）。
6. 选B。 The Tower of London（伦敦塔），位于泰晤士河北岸，伦敦塔附近，是伦敦著名的古迹之一。William the Conqueror(威廉一世)于11世纪保卫和控制整个伦敦而建造了该塔，占地18英亩。经过历代君主的扩建和修整，整个建筑反映了英国不同朝代的建筑风格。
7. 选B。 St. Paul’s Cathedral (圣保罗大教堂)是英格兰最大的新教教堂。最早在此址上建立的诺曼教堂在1666年的伦敦大火中焚毁，现在圣保罗大教堂由英国建筑师雷恩设计，于1675年兴建，历时35年于1710年建好。教堂内有威灵顿顿纪念碑，教堂正门上部人子墙上雕刻着圣保罗传教的画面，墙顶上立有圣保罗的石雕像。
8. 选D。 The Lough Neagh（内伊湖）英国北爱尔兰湖泊，是大不列颠岛最大的湖，长31公里，面积389平方公里。Lough 为爱尔兰方言，是湖泊、海湾的意思。
9. 选B。公元前5世纪希腊人击败了波斯人的入侵，使希腊文化在文学、哲学科学等领域达到了繁荣的顶峰。
10.选D。Pythagoras(毕达哥拉斯)，古希腊哲学家、数学家，是数学学科的奠基人，他认为数是万物之源，提倡禁欲主义，促进了数学和西方理性哲学的发展。
精讲4___1___ The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in ___?
A 200 B.C B 55 A.D C 55 B.C D 410 A.D
___2___ The capital of Northern Ireland is ___?
A Blefast B Birminghan C Edinburgh D Cardiff
___3___ The statement “You can not step twice into the same river” was said by___?
A Aristotle B Heracletus C Socrates D Pythagoras
___4___ The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, ___, and Aristotle, who are active in Athens in the 5th and 4th century B.C.
A Pythagoras B Heracleitus C Herodotus D Plato
___5___ Between 1337 and 1453 the ___ took place in Britain.
A Wars of Roses B Black Death C Hundred Years’ War D Peasants Uprising
___6___ William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in___.
A 1066 B 1086 C 1381 D 1035
___7___ The first Civil War in Britain lasted from ___ to ___.
A 1600 --- 1604 B 1640 --- 1644 C 1642 --- 1646 D 1646 --- 1650
___8___ ___ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval.
A Cynics B Stoics C Sceptics D Epieureans
___9___ James Watt created a ___ in 1769?
A Spinning Mule B Steam Engine C Power Loom D Spinning Jenny
___10___Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William and given to ___.
A The Danes B the Irish C The Norman barons D The Scots
答案：1. 选C。公元前55年，由Julius Caesar(恺撒)领导的罗马人首次入侵Britain,而罗马人撤出大不
列颠是在公元410年。
2. 选A。Belfast(贝尔法斯特)北爱尔兰首府，是北爱尔兰的商业、教育、服务和娱乐中心，也是重要海湾。Birmingham（伯明翰），英格兰城市，英国第二大城市，位于英格兰中部高地、西米德兰郡首府区，是英国重要的工业中心和交通枢纽。Edinburgh(爱丁堡)为Scotland(苏格兰)首府，为英国第二大的仅次于伦敦的旅游城市。Cardiff(卡的夫)是Wales(威尔士)的首府。考试~大
3. 选B。Heraclaitus(赫拉克利特)，古希腊唯物主义哲学家，辩证法的奠基人之一。他认为“火”是万物的本原，一切都在流动变化之中，“人不能两次踏进同一条河”是他的名言。
4. 选D。Socrates(苏格拉底)、Plato(柏拉图)and Aristotle(亚里士多德)是公元前5世纪到公元前4实际活跃在雅典的欧洲三大哲学家。
5. 选C。从1337---1453英法之间的战争断断续续地持续了一百年，称之为“英法百年战争”。（Hundred Years’ War）
6. 选A。1066年10月14日William, Duke of Normandy(诺蔓底公爵威廉)在Hastings(黑斯廷斯)战败英国国王Harold（哈罗德），这是英国历史上著名的诺曼征服时间（The Norman Conquest）。次战役确定了诺曼人对英格兰人的统治地位。同年12月25日威廉在伦敦加冕，称William the Conqueror(征服者威廉)。
7. 选C。1642英国第一次内战在查里斯国王和国会之间展开，因国王的反对者主要是清教徒，因此英国内战又称之为“清教徒革命”。
8. 选D。公元前4世纪，西方哲学四大流派：the Cynics(犬儒主义学派)、the Sceptics（怀疑论学派）、the Epicureans(享乐主义学派)、the Stoics(斯多葛学派)互相争鸣。the Epicureans(享乐主义学派)认为“快乐”是人生的最大追求。
9. 选B。James Watt(詹姆斯.瓦特)于1769发明了蒸汽机，蒸汽机的发明在英国的工业革命中起着重要的作用。
10.选C。多数本属于萨克逊人的土地被征服者威廉没收后送给了诺曼贵族们。（The Norman barons）
精讲5___1___ Who led The Peasants Uprising in Britain?
A Watt Tyler B Henry Turner C Richard D Stephen
___2___ In English individualistic culture, one should bother Englishmen without a good reason and making appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb ___?
A as welcome as a storm B an Englishman’s house is his castle C do not wear out your welcome D outstay one’s welcome
___3___ ___ is the first weekday after Christmas, a legal holiday in English, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand,Australia and South Africa.
A Thanksgiving Day B Anzac Day C St. Valentine’s Day D Boxing Day
___4___ The Bible was originally written in ___.
A Latin B English C Hebrew D Arabic
___5___ ___ is a very wise man, the king of the Hebrews around the tenth century B.C. and was well-known for his wisdom.
A Solomon B The old Adam C Judas D Jesus
___6___ Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?
A James I B Charles I C James II D Charles II
___7___ From 1649 to 1658 English was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___.
A President B Lord Protector C Lieutenant General D Commander of the New Model Army
___8___ A “vote of no confidence” is decided by ___.
A the House of Lords B the Prime Minister C the House of Commons D the two major parties
___9___ Which of the following particularly happens on the Queen’s Birthday?
A Trooping the Color B the Eisteddfod C bonfires D masquerades
___10___In American English “Totem” is a loan word from ___, meaning “图腾” in chinese.
A Dutch B India language C German D French
答案：1. 选A。由于百年战争并没有改变农民的生活条件，又加上人头税（the Poll Tax）的征收。1381年(Watt Tyler)瓦特.泰勒领导了农民起义。
2. 选B。在英国文化中，一般不事先预约是不会冒然打搅别人。英国人有一句谚语：“英国人的家庭如独立王国------不得擅入”。
3. 选D。Boxing Day(礼节日)。英国法定假日，是圣诞节的次日，遇星期日天延顺。按英国习俗，这天向邮递员、仆人、雇员等赠送盒装“节礼”，故称节礼日。
4. 选C。《圣经》最初是以Hebrew(希伯来语)写的。《圣经》有一部分是讲述古犹太人的历史。从公元前1200年希伯来人定居巴勒勒斯坦至公元1世纪的古犹太人的历史。考试~大
5. 选A。Solomon(所罗门、)---932BC.)希伯来（以色列）国王（972---932BC），以武力维持其统治，加强国防，发展贸易，使犹太达到鼎盛时期，以智慧著称。
6. 选B。Charles I (查里一世，1600---1649，英国斯图亚特王朝国王)。其统治期间，对抗国会，压迫清教徒，引起内战，1647年别Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔)领导的军队俘虏。1649年被国会判处死刑。
7.B 从1649到1658年的英国被称为共和国（Commonwealth）。共和国的第一位统治者Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔)成为英格兰共和国的Lord Protector(护国公)。Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔),1618年当选为议员，为清教徒领袖。英国内战爆发后，他率领铁甲军的骑兵击败了保皇党部队，是处死查理一世的主要人物，1653年将国会解散，自称Lord Protector(护国公)，成为英格兰共和国的首脑。
8. 选C。“不信任投票”是由英国下议院（Lower House）即众议院（the House of Commons）决定的，亦称平民院，简称下院。是英国议会的组成部分。议员由普选产生，共有650个席位。下议院首席官员为议长，由议员选举产生。下议院任期为5年，但政府可能提前大选。
9. 选A。Queen’s Birthday(英国女王的诞辰日)为6月。每年的女王生日时在白金汉宫（Buckingham Palace）前都要举行盛大的检阅庆祝活动，这一天，军队将举行场面壮观的Trooping the Color(行军旗敬礼)仪式。
10.选B。“Totem”(图腾)---北美印第安人等原始人认为与本氏族或个人有血缘关系并用作标志的动物、植物或自然现象。因此“Totem”一词是从印第安语借用过来的。
l精讲12 __1__ ___ is the oldest of all the parties in Ireland.
A Finn Gael B The Progressive Democrats
C Finna Fail D The Irish Labor Party
__2__ The largest state of all the states of America is___.
A Texas B Alaska C California D Hawaii
__3__ ___ had the title “the Wizard of Menlo Park”.
A John Stevens B Charlie Chaplin C Thomas A Edison D Robert Fulton
__4__ ___ major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures.
A Loenardo da Vinci’s B Titian C Raphael D Michelangelo
__5__ Which of the following was best known for his Madona (Virgin Mary)? ___
A Raphael B Michelangelo C Da Vinci D Titian
__6__ The first American President who inaugurated in Washington City was__.
A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson C John Adants D Andrew Jackson
__7__ The “Big Stick” Policy was advanced by President__. 我要收藏
A Franklin D. Roosevelt B William Mckinley C Thomas Woodrow Wilson
D Theodore Rooservelt
__8__ What is the largest river in America?
A the Ohio River B The Columbia C the Mississippi River D The Colorado
__9__ The United States is ___ populous country in the world.
A the third most B the second most C the most D the fourth most
__10__ Which of the following is the father of the modern mode of painting? __
A Raphael B Titain C Loenardo da Vinci D Michelangelo
答案：1 选D。爱尔兰最古老的政党是工党（The Irish Labour Party）， Finna Fail是爱尔兰的最大党，又称命运战士党（Soldiers of Destiny）
2选B。 Alaska（阿拉加斯州）是位于北美洲西北部，与美国本土48周不毗连，是美国所有州中面积最大的州。而在美国大陆，最大的州市Texas（得克萨斯州）；美国最小的州是Rhode Island（罗得岛州）
3．选C。Thomas A Edison （爱迪生，1847-1931）美国著名的发明家，获得电灯、留声机、电影放映机等10093项发明专利权，1876年创办世界第一个工业试验室。“the Wizard of Menlo Park”（门洛帕奇的奇才）是人们对爱迪生的别称。Wizard指奇才，Menlo Park是新泽西州东北部的爱迪生纪念塔及州立公园所在地。 我要收藏
4．选A。达芬奇的《最后的晚餐》是世界上最有名的以宗教为主题的绘画作品，其《蒙娜丽莎》是世界俄上不朽的人物肖像画。他与Michelangelo （米卡朗琪罗），Raphael (拉斐尔)和Titian （提香）是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期的四大代表。
5．选A。 Raphael （拉斐尔，1483-1520）是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期著名的画家、建筑师，其代表作《圣母玛利亚》（Virginn Mary）影响深远。
6．选B。Thomas Jefferson （托马斯?杰斐逊），美国第2届总统（1801-1809），是the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》的主要起草者，杰斐逊是第一位在首都华盛顿宣誓就职的总体。
7．选D。“Big Stick”（大棒政策）指以军事力量为后盾的外交政策。此语出于Theodore Roosevelt （西奥多?罗斯福总统）喜欢引用的西非谚语“说话温柔，大棒在手。”西奥多?罗斯福总统的所谓的“大棒”就是指由他督促国会加紧建立起来的美国新海军。西奥多?罗斯福是美国第26届总统（1901-1909），曾于1905年因调解日俄战争而获诺贝尔和平奖。Franklin D. Roosevelt （富兰克林?得拉诺?罗斯福）是美国第32届总统（1933-1945），三次连任，是任职时间最长的总统。
8．选C。 The Mississippi River（密西西比河）是美国最大的河，有被称“众水之父”或“老人河”。
9．选A.就人口而言，美国是世界上第三大国，就面积而言，是世界第四大国。
10. 选B.Titian （提香）是意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期的威尼斯画家，擅长肖像画、宗教和神话题材的画。从广义上说他是贤达绘画样式之父。
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