2021 年考研英语一翻译真题及逐句解析(沈阳新东方)
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46.Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.
47.And the demand that rose in those societies of entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not though of attending a university before the war.
48.In many countries of western Europe the numbers of student in higher education doubled within five-years during the 1960s and double again in seven eight or 10 years by the middle of 1970s.
49. and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from post graduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.
50. High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation; they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.
【译文】
46.在战前几十年中,这些走出战争的国家的入学人数基本持续占适龄群体的3%-5%。
47.在那些社会中,对高等教育毕业生的需求扩大到了那些在战前还没有上过大学的群体和社会阶层。
48. 20世纪60年代,西欧许多国家的高等教育学生人数在五年内翻了一番,到70年代中期又在七八年或十年内翻了一番。
49.并且当新员工主要是刚从研究生院毕业的年轻男女时,他们在很大程度上决定了学院的学术生活准则。
50.高增长率增加了学术创新的机会;也削弱了教师和学生在稳定或缓慢增长时期进入学者群体的形式和过程。
【逐句解析】
46.Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3%-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war.
本句主要考查了细节短语的翻译、定语从句以及状语的处理。其中“Those societies came out of the war” 可以处理成战争结束后,这些社会…;因为后面有明确的百分比 “levels of enrollment” 可以处理成“入学率”;“the relevant age groups”这个短语不可以翻译的过于生硬,根据文章含义我们可以处理成“适龄群体”。在翻译过程中还需要注意将最后的“before the war”前置。
【译文】
46.在战前几十年中,这些走出战争的国家的入学人数基本持续占适龄群体的3%-5%。
47.And the demand that rose in those societies of entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not though of attending a university before the war.
本句主要考查了定语从句以及状语的处理原则,在处理本句的定语时,我们可以将其前置,译成“对想要接受高等教育的需求”,后半部分同理,可以将“groups and social classes that had not though of attending a university before the war.”译成“那些在战前还没有上过大学的群体和社会阶层”
【译文】
47.在那些社会中,对高等教育毕业生的需求扩大到了那些在战前还没有上过大学的群体和社会阶层。
48.In many countries of western Europe the numbers of student in higher education doubled within five-years during the 1960s and double again in seven eight or 10 years by the middle of 1970s.
本句考察到了一个倍数的问题,将doubled 译成“翻一番”即可;另外本句可考察到了1960s的处理,千万不能翻译成1960年,而是20世纪60年代。就英语一的真题而言,本题的倍数考察算是难度较低的了。
【译文】
48.20世纪60年代,西欧许多国家的高等教育学生人数在五年内翻了一番,到70年代中期又在七八年或十年内翻了一番。
49. and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from post graduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty.
本句主要考查了状语从句,而本句的状语从句本身就在主句前,在翻译时,保留原位即可;另外,一些考生可能会卡在“predominantly”这个单词上,但其实仔细观察这个词对于大家其实不该陌生,就是dominant的变体,译成“大部分”类似的含义即可。
【译文】
49.并且当新员工主要是刚从研究生院毕业的年轻男女时,他们在很大程度上决定了学院的学术生活准则。
50. High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation; they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.
本句主要考查了定语从句,我们依然选择前置译法即可,将“by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth.”调整到被修饰的“forms and processes”前面翻译即可。另外,本句也出现了之前翻译真题里经常出现的community,在这个文章里我们处理成“学者群体”即可。
【译文】
50.高增长率增加了学术创新的机会;也削弱了教师和学生在稳定或缓慢增长时期进入学者群体的形式和过程。
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