教育外刊，美国加州大学秋季课程，全部线上授课

　　California State University, the largest university system in the United States,announced that it will move online all fall season classes because of the coronavirus.

　　美国最大的大学系统加州州立大学宣布，由于受新型冠状病毒影响，秋季将把所有课程搬到网上。

　　In a statement on Tuesday, Chancellor Timothy White said, "Virtual planning is necessary

　　在周二的一份声明中，校长蒂莫西.怀特表示，“ 虚拟规划很必要,

　　because it might not be possible for some students, faculty and staff to safely travel to campus."

　　因为一些学生、教职员工可能无法安全地前往校园。

　　The announcement came on the same day U.S. health experts warned that reopening the country too soon could result in suffering, death, and harm to the economy.

　　就在同-天，美国卫生专家警告称，美国过早重新开放可能会导致痛苦、死亡，并损害经济。

　　The California State University (Cal State) has 23 campuses and nearly 500,000 students.

　　加州州立大学有23个校区，近50万名学生。

　　It is the first major university to tell students that they will not return to campus when the new school year begins.

　　是第一所告诉学生在新学年开始时他们不会返校的重点大学。

　　Some colleges, including University of Pennsylvania and University of California at Berkeley, say some or all teaching for the fall may be provided online.

　　包括宾夕法尼亚大学和加州大学伯克利分校在内的一些大学表示，部分或全部秋季教学可能会在网上提供。

　　Others, like Stanford, Princeton and the University of Chicago, are waiting for more information before making decisions.

　　斯坦福大学、普林斯顿大学和芝加哥大学等其他大学则在等待更多信息，然后再做决定。

　　The Chronicle of Higher Education magazine is keeping a list of colleges' plans for reopening.

　　《高等教育纪事》杂志记录了一份大学重新开放的计划清单。

　　It says the large majority of American colleges, 70 percent, say they are planning for in-person classes when the new school year begins.

　　上面称，绝大多数美国大学， 即70%的大学表示，他们计划在新学年开始时开设面对面的课程。

　　Christina Paxson is the president of Brown University in Rhode Island.

　　克里斯蒂娜.帕克森是罗德岛布朗大学的校长。

　　She wrote in The New York Times newspaper that the "reopening of college and university campuses in the fall should be a national priority."

　　“秋天的时候重新开学必将是国家的优先项目”，她在《纽约时报》上报道。

　　Paxson said colleges should develop plans to control the spread of infections through testing, tracing and physical distancing to bring students back on campus.

　　帕克森表示，大学应该制定计划，通过检测、追踪和保持身体距离来控制感染的传播,让学生重返校园。

　　Paxon also noted that higher education employs three million people and contribute $600 billion to the nation's economy.

　　帕克森还指出，高等教育雇佣了3百万人，为国家经济贡献了6千亿美元。

　　Many colleges are already worried that large numbers of students will not return for online classes.

　　很多的学生可能不会为了上网课而回去，这也是很多高校所担心的事。

　　There is widespread fear that the troubled economy will leave many Americans unable to рay for college.

　　因为经济困难，很多美国人开始担心他们将没有钱付学费。

　　And international students will not attend because of travel restrictions during the coronavirus crisis.

　　由于冠状病毒危机期间的旅行限制，国际学生将无法入学。

　　Several universities, including Ohio State and Nebraska, have returned money to students for housing and meals to students after in-person classes were cancelled.

　　目前部分学校不仅取消了学生的面授课程，而且还将住宿费和就餐费退给了学生，比如俄亥俄州立大学和内布拉斯加州大学等。

　　Students across the U.S. are also taking legal action against universities.

　　美国各地的学生也在对大学采取法律行动。

　　The students say they did not get the quality of education they were promised.

　　学生们表示没有得到承诺的教育质量。

　　In a legal action against Drexel University,Grainger Rickenbaker, a 21-year-old student from South Carolina, said the online classes were poor substitutes for classroom learning.

　　在一起针对德雷克塞尔大学的法律诉讼中，来自南卡罗来纳州的21岁学生格兰杰.里肯贝克表示，在线课程很难替代课堂学习。

　　Hе told the Associated Press that some classes were being taught almost entirely through recorded videos, with no class discussion possible.

　　他告诉美联社，有些课程几乎完全通过录制的视频来教授，不可能进行课堂讨论。

　　On Tuesday night, Chancellor White told the Cal State's Board of Trustees

　　周二晚上，怀特校长告诉加州大学董事会,

　　that the university "is а place where over 500,000 people come together in close and vibrant proximity with each other on a daily basi."

　　这所大学“是一个每天有50多万人近距离聚集的地方。

　　Hе noted that is not possible now.

　　他指出，现在这是不可能的。

　　The university leader listed several possible exceptions for in-person classes, including those in nursing, science, and art.

　　这位大学领导列举了几个可能无法进行面对面授课的专业，包括护理、 科学和艺术。

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