中考英语语法复习 形容词与副词
一、形容词
考查重点
中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级，比较级和最高级的各种句型、形容词作定语的位置、易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中，形容词比较等级句型、形容词修饰不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing时的位置，易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。
1、形容词基本用法
主要用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。
Be careful about what you say. 说话要小心。
The sunset was a beautiful sight. 日落是一种美丽的景象。
I find it easy to get on with him. 我发现和他相处很容易。
2、形容词常用句型（重点）
A. “It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。
批注：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我，真好。
It’s very rude of her to say such words. 她说这样的话，真粗鲁。
It’s foolish of him to go alone. 他单独出去太傻了。
B. “It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。
批注：常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。
It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。
It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。
It’s necessary for us to get to school on time. 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。
3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。
例如， I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。
4. 表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。
Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。
He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。
5. 了解定语形容词和表语形容词
一般说来，形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但是，有些形容词只用于名词前作定语，它们被称为定语形容词，而另有一些形容词则只用作表语，它们被称为表语形容词。
1.常见的定语形容词有elder(年岁较大的), eldest(最年长的), indoor (室内的), outdoor(室外的), daily(每天的), everyday(每天的), weekly(每周的), monthly(每月的), yearly(每年的), last(最后的), wooden(木制的), woolen(毛纺的)等。如：
I like wooden furniture. 我喜欢木制家具。
School is an everyday event for most children. 对大多数孩子来说，上学是每天都要做的事。
2.常见的表语形容词有afraid(害怕的), alike(相同的), alive(活着的), alone(单独的), ashamed(羞愧的), asleep(睡着的), awake(醒着的), aware(意识到的), ill(有病的), well(身体健康的), glad(高兴的), pleased(高兴的), sorry(难过的), content(满意的), fond(喜欢的)等。如：
Is the baby still asleep? 这个婴儿还在睡觉吗？
My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。
We are not content with the present achievements. 我们不满足于目前的成就
6.复合形容词：
（1）数词+名词（+形容词） a 500-metre-long bridge
(2) 形容词（或数词）+名词-ed a middle-aged man
(3) 形容词+动词ing形式 an ordinary-looking woman
(4) 名词+动词的-ed形式 a man-made lake
(5) 副词+动词-ed形式 a well-known writer
二、副词
考查重点
中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中，频度副词always，often，usually，sometimes，never，时间副词already，yet，still，just，疑问副词how，why，when，where，程度副词enough，quite以及too，also，either等的用法区别，副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。
1、副词的用法
主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。
He knew London very well. 他对伦敦很熟悉。
You need to form the habit of reading carefully. 你需要养成仔细阅读的习惯。
2、常见副词用法辨析
1.already与yet
He had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。
Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到你的尺子了吗？
I haven’t finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。
批注：提醒学生yet用于疑问句和否定句中
2 very，much和very much
John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。
This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。
3.so与such
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
批注：中考常考题型之一，so。。。that和too。。。to或者enough。。。to的转换
He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。
He is so clever a boy. =He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。
It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正)
It is so cold weather.(误)
They are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。(正)
They are so good students. (误)
4.also，too，as well与either
My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.
批注：这是句型转换中常考的句型，注意用法。
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.我爸爸是一名老师，我妈妈也是。
I can’t speak French.. Jenny can’t speak French，either.我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。
批注：either用于否定句
6.ago与before
I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。
He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。
批注：提醒学生ago要用过去式，before时态不确定
7.just与just now
We have just seen the film.我们刚看过这场电影。（现在完成时）
He was here just now.他刚才在这里。（一般过去时）
形容词和副词的比较等级及变化规律
一、级的变化规则：形容词和副词比较等级的构成：原级、比较级和最高级。1．形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
(2)形容词、副词的不规则变化
【练习】写出下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形式
1．long________，________
2．nice________，________
3．easy ________，________
4．fat ________，________
5．useful ______________，________________
6．good ________，________
7．bad/ill ________，________
8．much/many________，________
9．little ________，________
10．far ______________，________________
二、原级，比较级，最高级的用法：
注意：
(1)比较级前可用下列修饰语：even＝still更；much更；a little＝a bit有点；a lot很；three times (三倍)；far非常等。如：The boy is much taller than before.这个男孩比以前更高了。
(2)very，quite，rather，too，enough，so可以修饰原级。如：This trip is very interesting.这趟旅行非常有趣。
(3)比较级前面一般没有定冠词the，但遇到以下句型时要用the。
如：He is the heavier of the two boys.
他是两个男孩子中更重的那个。
Lily is the cleverer of the twins.
莉莉是双胞胎中更聪明的那个。
(4)比较级和最高级之间可以相互转换。如：
Sam is the tallest student in his class. 萨姆是他班级里最高的学生。
＝ Sam is taller than any other student in his class.
＝ Sam is taller than the other/any of the other/the rest of students in his class.
＝ Sam is taller than anyone else in his class.
＝ No one is taller than Sam in his class.
Ⅰ.根据所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。
1.I didn’t hear the phone because it was too (吵闹的) in the supermarket.
2.Of all the subjects, chemistry seems to be the (难的) for me.
3.Tea plants are (广泛地) grown in the south of China now.
4.When they felt (无助的) after the flood, the charity offered them food and clothes.
5.Most people travel to (北部的) cities for their summer holidays.
6.The boy (几乎不) surfs the Internet on weekends.
7.It is (有礼貌的) to knock at the door before entering a room.
8.Believe us! We can finish the work with the (最少的) money.
9.Mr. Miller is a very (幽默的) teacher. His classes are very interesting.
10.Lucy lives on a healthy diet. She (很少) has sweet snacks.
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
A
1.On (rain) days, the traffic is heavier than usual.
2.What an (excite) junior high school life we’re having!
3.The children look and they are playing football .(happy)
4.—Tom, how are you feeling today?
—Much (bad). I don’t think I can go to school tomorrow.
5.The Dongting Lake is the second (big) fresh water lake in China.
6.To keep healthy, you need to eat (little) meat and more vegetables.
7.Lingling did her homework so (care) that she made too many mistakes.
8.The Yellow River is the second (long) river in China.
9.—She was the best seller in the company and her boss gave her a special ten-day holiday.
—That’s so cool. She sold out (many)products than any others last year.
10.It seems (possible) for the Spring Festival Gala to satisfy all 1.3 billion Chinese.
Ⅰ.1.noisy 2.most difficult 3.widely 4.helpless 5.northern 6.hardly 7.polite 8.least 9.humorous10.seldom
Ⅱ.A 1.rainy 2.exciting 3.happy; happily4.worse 5.biggest 6.less7.carelessly 8.longest 9.more 10.impossible
一、按要求写出下列各词的相应形式。
1. Britain(形容词) 2.new(反义词)
3.high(同义词) 4. difference(形容词)
5.safe(副词) 6. lucky(副词)
7. danger(形容词) 8. careless(反义词)
9.rain(形容词) 10. humor(形容词)
11.hope(副词) 12. happy(副词)
13. friend(形容词) 14. nature(形容词)
15. bad→ (比较级)→ (最高级)
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
16. She will be much (happy) than before in her new class.
17. The short one is (useful) of the five.
18. His sister is two years (young) than him.
19. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday ( fortunate), there was no money in it.
20. Gold is much (expensive) than iron.
21. Mobile phones are (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
22.Of the three girls, I find Lucy is (clever).
23. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is (young) child.
24. He put on his coat and went out (quick).
25.She is (good) than Li Ping at swimming.
26.A lot of Chinese people are (pride) of Ma Long, a famous table tennis player.
27. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold (snow) night.
28. Allie asked me (polite) to put the things away.
29. It’s snowing hard. You must drive (careful).
30. The earth we live on is (big)than the moon.
3l. Hainan is a very large island. It's the second (large)island in China.
32. Julie finds it easy to speak to complete (strange).
33. Have you seen Jim (recent)? I haven't seen him for a long time.
34.-I didn't pass my maths exam. I'm afraid to go home.
-I think you should tell your parents the (true).
35. Arthur Conan Doyle was the greatest master, Sherlock Holmes, the character he created, enjoyed the greatest (popular).
36. We want our children to have the best possible chance of (happy).
37. Listen (care) to the tape, and then finish the question.
38. People tried to stay indoors as they saw heavy rain which made it (possible) to go outside.
39. We study math, English, Chinese, history and music at school. But I like history
(well).
40. London has lots of beautiful parks and gardens, but its air pollution is the
(bad) in Europe.
41. We don't have to wear school uniforms. This is the biggest (different) from Chinese schools.
42. I buy books on the Internet, because they are (cheap) than those in the bookshop.
43.-What kind of personality do you think is the best for this job?
-Well, I think a lot of (patient)is the most important.
44. Kitty is (interest)in music and art.
45.If you’re not (satisfy), you can get your money back.
1.British 2. old 3. tall 4. different 5. safely 6. luckily 7. dangerous 8. careful 9. rainy 10. humorous 11. hopefully 12, happily 13. friendly 14. natural 15. worse: worst 16. happier 17. the most useful 18. younger 19. Fortunately 20. more expensive 21. widely 22. the cleverest 23. the youngest 24. quickly 25. better 26. proud 27. snowy 28. polite 29. carefully 30. bigger 31. largest 32. strangers 33. recently 34. truth 35. popularity 36. happiness 37. carefully 38. impossible 39. best 40. worst 41. difference 42. cheaper 43. patience 44. interested 45. satisfied
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