《参考点相依双曲绝对效用函数下语言型群》研究对象及关键词定义
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Today, the editor brings the "Research on Linguistic Group Decision-Making Method Based on Reference- Dependent Hyperbolic Absolute Utility Function".
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小杨研学(9)-精读博士论文《参考点相依双曲绝对效用函数下语言型群决策方法研究》-研04:53来自LearningYard学苑
今天小编将从“思维导图、精读内容、知识补充”三个板块，解读分享《参考点相依双曲绝对效用函数下语言型群决策方法研究》研究对象及关键词定义。
Today， I will bring you the "Research on Linguistic Group Decision-Making Method Based on Reference- Dependent Hyperbolic Absolute Utility Function", Research object and Definition of Keyword from three aspect：Mind mapping，Intensive reading and Knowledge supplement.
思维导图 Mind mapping
精读内容 Intensive reading
1. 研究对象 Research object
语言型多属性群决策 Linguistic multiple attribute group decision-making
在经济、社会和军事等诸多领域中，对一些复杂问题进行决策时，由于客观事物的复杂性及人类思维的模糊性，决策者在对诸如知识管理绩效、风险投资项目等进行方案评价时，难以用精确定量的形式进行判断，而运用“优”、“良”、“中”、“差”等自然语言形式进行判断，往往更加直观和方便。这类决策问题的特点是方案的属性值以自然语言形式给出，并且需要群体专家参与，称此类决策问题为语言型多属性群决策问题。
In many fields such as economy, society, and military, when making decisions on complex issues, due to the complexity of objective things and the fuzziness of human thinking, decision-makers find it difficult to make accurate and quantitative judgments when evaluating plans such as knowledge management performance and venture capital projects. However, using natural language forms such as "excellent", "good", "medium", and "poor" to make judgments is often more intuitive and convenient. The characteristic of this type of decision-making problem is that the attribute values of the scheme are given in natural language form and require the participation of group experts. This type of decision-making problem is called a linguistic multi-attribute group decision-making problem.
2. 关键词定义 Definition of keyword
2.1 参考点效应、参考点依赖 Reference point effect、Reference dependent
假设你面对这样一个选择：你同时花了100元买了两只股票，X股票现在涨幅50%，Y股下跌50%，现在你需要出售一只股票，你的选择是：
Suppose you are faced with a choice: you spent 100 yuan on two stocks at the same time, X stock is now up 50%, Y stock is down 50%, and now you need to sell one stock. Your choice is:
Ａ.出售X股
Ｂ.出售Y股
A. sell X stock
B. sell Y stock
实验结果是：大部分人选择了前者。
The experimental result is that most people chose the former.
普通人的选择可能就是X股，因为他们的参考点是购入股票时花的钱，如果卖掉B股就亏了。但是经济人的参考点不同，他们参考的不是购入时股票的价格，而是股票现在的价格，根据这只股票的行情，未来走势来选择卖哪只股票，所以参考点不同，选择也不同。
The choice for ordinary people may be X shares, because their reference point is the money spent on buying stocks, and selling B shares would result in a loss. But the reference points of Homo economicus are different. They refer not to the price of the stock at the time of purchase, but to the current price of the stock. They choose which stock to sell according to the market situation and future trend of the stock. Therefore, different reference points lead to different choices.
参考点效应是指任何选择不是看绝对水平，而是看相对水平。前景理论认为，效用并不取决于财富绝对值带来的感受，而取决于跟谁比，就是参考点的位置。
The reference point effect refers to any choice that is not based on absolute levels, but rather on relative levels. The prospect theory believes that utility does not depend on the feeling brought about by the absolute value of wealth, but rather on the position of the reference point compared to whom.
2.2 效用函数 Utility function
在维多利亚时期，“效用”就被用来衡量一个人的整体幸福指标，效用被认为是一个人开心与否的数值测量。但是效用和其他数字指标不同，它无法用数值去测量，所以经济学家用了消费者偏好来重新定制消费者行为的表达方式，而效用只是描述这些偏好的一种方式。效用函数的表达式为u（x1，x2）。效用函数的定义是设f是定义在消费集合X上的偏好关系,如果对于X中任何的x,y,xfy当且仅当u(x)≥u(y),则称函数u:X→R是表示偏好关系f的效用函数。效用分配数值的唯一重要性质就是它是怎样订购商品束的，效用函数的大小仅对不同的消费束排序是重要的，两个消费束的具体效用差是多少并不重要，正因为这些性质，这类的效用被称为序数效用。
In the Victorian era, 'Utility' was used to measure a person's overall happiness index, and utility was considered a numerical measure of whether a person was happy or not. However, Utility is different from other numerical indicators and cannot be measured numerically. Therefore, economists have used consumer preferences to customize the expression of consumer behavior, while utility is only one way to describe these preferences.The expression of the utility function is u (x1, x2). The definition of utility function is to assume that f is a preference relationship defined on the consumption set X. If and only if u (x) ≥ u (y) for any x, y, xfy in X, then the function u: X → R is the utility function representing the preference relationship f. The only important property of the utility allocation value is how it orders bundles of goods. The size of the utility function is only important for sorting different consumption bundles, and the specific utility difference between two consumption bundles is not important. Because of these properties, this type of utility is called ordinal utility.
2.3 多属性决策 Multiple attribute decision-making
多属性决策也称有限方案多目标决策，是指在考虑多个属性的情况下，选择最优备选方案或进行方案排序的决策问题，它是现代决策科学的一个重要组成部分。常用的方法有AHP法（层次分析法）等。
Multiple attribute decision-making, also known as finite scheme multi-objective decision-making, refers to the decision-making problem of selecting the optimal alternative solution or ranking solutions considering multiple attributes. It is an important component of modern decision-making science. The commonly used methods include AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), etc.
知识补充 Knowledge supplement
1. 基数效用 Cardinal utility
上面提到了序数效用，我们要来了解一下基数效用，它恰恰与序数效用相反的。基数效用论是研究消费者行为的一种理论。像个人的体重或身高那样在基数的意义上可以度量的效用。其基本观点是：效用是可以计量并可以加总求和的。
The ordinal utility is mentioned above. Let's understand the Cardinal utility, which is exactly the opposite of the ordinal utility. Cardinal utility theory is a theory that studies consumer behavior. The utility that can be measured in the sense of cardinality, such as an individual's weight or height. The basic viewpoint is that utility can be measured and summed up.
2. 常用的语言术语集 Common linguistic terminology
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参考资料：百度百科，知乎，MBA智库，稀土掘金，谷歌翻译
参考文献：
[1]丁勇. 语言型多属性群决策方法及其应用研究[D].合肥.合肥工业大学,2011.
[2]郭奉佳. 参考点相依双曲绝对效用函数下语言型群决策方法研究[D].北京.华北电力大学(北京),2022.
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