社会道德类词汇

  课程预告:(5.20/5.27) 四/六级核心500词汇班即将开课,六级写作翻译单项班5.19开课。课程链接请关注@建昆老师 @老师王菲 @曲根老师

  社会与道德

  ethic ['eθik] n.道德准则,行为准则,伦理标准;[-s]伦理学

  basis ['beisis] n.基础,根据;原则

  【考】on a…basis在…基础上;as a basis for作为…的基础

  basically ['beisik?li] adv.基本上,从根本上说

  【考】as a matter of fact事实上,其实;in fact实际上,其实

  factor ['f?kt?] n.因素,要素

  prestige [pre'sti:?, -'sti:d?, 'prestid?] n.威信,威望

  flee [fli:] vi.逃走,逃掉vt.逃离。避开

  focus ['f?uk?s] v.(使)聚焦,(使)集中n.焦点;焦距;聚焦;(注意、活动等的)中心

  【考】focus on集中;auto-focus camera自动对焦照相机

  attention [?'ten??n] n.注意,专心,留心;立正姿势,立正口令

  【考】pay attention to注意;capture/hold/attract/draw sb.’s attention吸引某人的注意力;lack of attention缺乏关注;get/receive attention from受到…的关注;turn sb.’s attention to将注意力转向

  following ['f?l?ui?] adj.接着的,下述的n.一批追随者

  framework ['freimw?:k] n.框架,构架;参照标准,准则;构成方式,体系

  giant ['d?ai?nt] n.巨人;才智超群的人adj.巨大的

  【记】联想记忆:gi+ant(蚂蚁)→蚂蚁虽小,团结的力量却是巨大的

  effect [i'fekt] n.效果;作用,影响;[pl.]个人财物vt.实现,使生效

  【考】come/go/put into effect实行,实现,使生效;have an effect on对…产生影响;in effect实际上,实质上;take effect生效,起作用

  effective [i'fektiv] adj.有效的,起作用的;给人印象深刻的;实际的,事实上的

  【派】ineffective(a.无效的);effectiveness(n.效力);effectively(ad.有效地)

  impact ['imp?kt] n.影响;冲击

  [im'p?kt] v.影响;冲击

  【记】联想记忆:电影《天地大冲撞》是Deep Impact

  【考】have an impact on对…产生影响

  influence ['influ?ns] n.影响(力);产生影响力的人(或事物);势力,权势vt.影响

  【考】exert influence on对…产生影响;influence on/over/upon…影响…; under the influence of...在…的影响下;受…的影响

  affect [?'fekt, '?fekt] v.影响

  【例】Trading has been adversely affected by the downturn in consumer spending.居民消费的下降给贸易带来了不良影响。

  【派】unaffected(a.不受影响的);affecting(a.令人感动的);affection(n.喜爱)

  influential [,influ'en??l] adj.有影响的,有权势的

  heighten ['hait?n] v.(使)提高,加强

  【例】heighten the effect加强影响

  grip [gr?p] n.紧握;控制vt.握紧;吸引住…的注意力(或想象力等)

  【考】come/get to grips with(认真)对付(或处理)

  handle ['h?ndl] vt.处理,应付;操作;拿,触n.柄,把手

  【派】mishandle(v.错误地处理)

  indirect [,indi'rekt, -dai-] adj.间接的;不直截了当的,婉转的

  halt [h?:lt] n.停住,停止,暂停vi.(使)停住,(使)停止

  【派】halting(a.踌躇的)

  happen ['h?p?n] vi.发生;〈后接不定式〉碰巧,恰好

  【考】happen to偶然发生

  ideal [ai'di?l] adj.理想的;想象的,空想的n.理想;理想的东西(或人)

  【记】联想记忆:idea(想法)+l→想法总是理想的

  【考】be ideal for sb./sth.适合…

  【派】idealist(n.理想主义者a.唯心主义的);idealistic(a.唯心论的); ideally(ad.理想地)

  rumo(u)r ['ru:m?] n.传闻,谣言

  ignore [iɡ'n?:] vt.不顾,不理;忽视

  【记】联想记忆:ig+nore(看作nose,鼻子)→翘起鼻子不理睬

  improve [?m'pru?v] vt.改进,改善vi.改善,变得更好

  【考】improve on/upon改进,胜过;improve in…在…方面增长;进步

  improvement [im'pru:vm?nt] n.改进,增进;改进处

  【考】 improvement in...在某方面的改善; improvement on... 比…有所改善

  action ['?k??n] n.行动;已做的事;作用,功能;情节,行为;事件

  【考】take action采取行动;unintentional action无意识行为;out of action出故障,被消灭;失去战斗力

  【派】actionable(a.可提起诉讼的)

  incident ['insid?nt] n.发生的事;事件,事变

  【派】incidental(a.偶然的)

  increase [in'kri:s] n.增加。增长

  ['inkri:s] vt.增加,增长

  【考】on the increase 正在增加,不断增长

  【例】High alcohol consumption increases the risk of liver disease.大量饮酒会增加患上肺病的几率。//Cases of tuberculosis are on the increase.患上肺结核的人越来越多。

  increasingly [in'kri:si?li] adv.日益,越来越多地

  【例】Marketing techniques are becoming increasingly sophisticated.市场营销技巧正日渐复杂。

  enhance [in'hɑ:ns, -h?ns] vt.提高,增加,加强

  【例】Low lighting and soft music enhanced the atmosphere in the room.昏暗的灯光与柔和的音乐使屋子里的气氛更加浪漫。

  【派】enhancement(n.增加);enhanced(a.增强的,提高的)

  decrease [di'kri:s] n.减小,减少(量)

  ['di:kri:s, di'k-] v.减小,减少

  【例】Average house prices decreased by 12% last year.平均住房价格在去年下降了12%。

  descend [di'send] vi.下来;起源(于),是…的后裔;袭击;沦为vt.走下,爬下

  【考】descend from起源于,是…的后裔;descend on/upon袭击;descend to沦为,把身份降至

  【例】A gang of thieves descended on the helpless travelers.一伙盗贼袭击了无助的旅行者。//The sun descended behind the hills.太阳下山了。

  【派】descent(n.下降);descendant(n.后代,后裔);descendent(a.派生的)

  indication [,indi'kei??n] n.指示,表示,迹象

  【例】Dark green leaves are a good indication of healthy roots.深绿色的叶子表明植物的根系很健壮。

  indicative [in'dik?tiv] adj.标示的,指示的;陈述的n.陈述语气

  【考】be indicative of标示的,指示的,象征的

  【例】 Mike’s presence is indicative of his wish to help.迈克的出现表明他愿意提供帮助。

  individual [,indi'vidju?l, -d??l] adj.个别的,单独的,个人的;独特的 n.个人,个体

  【例】Each individual leaf on the tree is different.树上的每一片叶子都互不相同。//a very individual way of dressing独特的穿衣风格//The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community.个人的福利与社会的福利有着密切的关系。

  【派】individually(ad.各自的,独特的,个别地);individuality(n.个性); individualize(v.赋予个性);individualistic(a.个人主义的)

  induce [in'dju:s, in'du:s] vt.引诱,劝;引起,导致

  【例】Nothing would induce me to vote for him again.无论怎样我都再也不会支持他了。// a stress-induced allergy压力引起的过敏

  【派】inducement(n.引诱;劝诱);inducible(a.可诱导的)

  infer [in'f?:] vt.推论,推断

  【考】infer from推断

  【例】The detective inferred from the letter that the accused know the victim.侦探从信中推断被告认识被害者。

  inference ['inf?r?ns] n.推断结果,结论;推理,推断

  【考】make/draw an inference from/that从…推断

  【例】What inferences have you drawn from this evidence?从这些线索你能得出什么结论?//by inference通过推理

  initial [i'ni??l] adj.开始的,最初的n.[常pl.](姓名等的)首字母

  【例】The new space shuttle has performed very well in its initial trials.这种新式航天飞机在最初几次试飞中表现良好。//His initials are DPH: they stand for David Perry Hallworth.他名字的首字母缩写是DPH,代表David Perry Hallworth。

  【派】initially(ad.最初,开始)

  ensure [in'?u?] vt.保证,担保,确保

  【记】词根记忆:en(使…)+sure(确定的)→使确定→保证

  【例】All the necessary steps had been taken to ensure astronauts’ safety.已采取了所有必要的措施来保证宇航员的安全。

  depend [di'pend] vi.依靠,依赖;信赖,相信;决定于,视…而定

  【考】depend on/upon依赖;取决于

  【例】The country depends heavily on its agriculture.这个国家的经济在很大程度上依赖它的农业。

  【派】dependable(a.可信赖的);dependence(n.依赖);dependent(a.依赖的;取决于…的)

  dependent [di'pend?nt] adj.依靠的,依赖的;取决于…的

  【考】dependent on依靠,依赖;相信

  【例】 We’re depending on Smith finishing the job by next Monday.我们相信史密斯会在下周一完成这项工作。//“How long are you staying?”“I don't know;it depends.”“你待多久?”“我不知道,看情况吧。”

  classification [/,kl?sifi'kei??n/] n.分类,分级;类别,级别

  【例】the classification of wines according to quality酒根据不同质量的分类

  class [klɑ:s, kl?s] v.阶级,社会等级;班组,同届(大)学生;课;种类;级别

  【例】the ruling classes统治阶级//Gary came top of the class in English.加里的英语是班里最好的。//first class头等舱

  【派】classify(v.分类)

  contemporary [k?n'temp?r?ri] adj.当代的;同时代的n.同代人,当代人

  【例】life in contemporary Britain当代英国的生活//Tommy is a contemporary of mine,but our experiences are completely different.汤米和我是同龄人,但我们的经历截然不同。

  moral ['m?r?l, 'm?:-] adj.道德(上)的,有道德的,n.[pl]道德,品行,道德规范;寓意

  【例】 Mall is gifted with a moral sense by which he distinguishes 900d from evil.道德观是人类与生俱来的,这使得人能够辨别善与恶。// moral standard道德标准

  【派】 morality(n.道德);moralism(n.道德教育,道德准则);moralistic(a.道德观念的)

  consequence ['k?nsi,kw?ns] n.结果,后果;重要(性),重大

  【考】negative consequence不良后果;social consequence社会后果; commercial consequence商业后果;in consequence因此,后果;in consequence of由于,因为…的缘故

  【例】 Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation.很多人认为贫穷是人口过剩的直接后果。//what you have said is of no consequence.刚才你所说的无关紧要。

  【派】consequent(a.随之发生的);consequently(ad.因此);consequential(a.随之发生的)

  movement ['mu:vm?nt] n.运动;动作;移动;进展,趋向;[常pl.]行动;乐章

  【例】the civil rights movement of the 1960s 20世纪60年代的民权运动// the dancer’s graceful movements舞者优美的舞姿//There’s been no movement in the peace talks since Thursday.自周四以来和谈没有取得任何进展。

  native ['neitiv] adj.出生地的,当地(人)的;与出生地有关的n.土生土长者,本地人,本国人

  【考】native speaker生来就说某种语言的人

  【例】a blend of native culture and Christianity本土文化与基督教的融合//a native of Switzerland一名新西兰本地人

  organization [,?:ɡ?nai'zei??n, -ni'z-] n.团体,机构;组织

  【例】the World Trade Organization世贸组织//Lincoln is involved in the organization of a new club.林肯参与了新俱乐部的组织工作。

  【派】organizational(a.组织的)

  organize ['?:ɡ?naiz] vt.组织,把…编组;使有条理

  【例】Scientists planned to organize a scientific expedition.科学家们计划组织一次科学考察。//Organize your words very carefully before giving a speech.发表演说前先把语言组织好。

  【派】organizer(n.组织者)

  parade [p?'reid] n.游行,检阅vi.(使)列队前进,(使)游行

  【记】联想记忆:para(旁边)+de→展示给旁边的人看→游行

  【例】a victory parade一次胜利游行//The strikers paraded peacefully through the capital.罢工人群在首都举行和平游行。

  peer [pi?] n.同龄人.同等地位的人;贵族vi.仔细看,费力地看

  【考】peer at凝视;peer through费力地看

  【例】At about three years old,children begin to take all interest in their peers.婴儿大约在3岁左右开始对其他婴儿产生兴趣。//The driver was peering through the wet windscreen at the cars ahead.司机隔着湿漉漉的挡风玻璃费劲地看着前面的车辆。

  population [,p?pju'lei??n] n.人口;(具有共同特点的)一类人

  【例】New Jersey has a population of around 7.6 million.新泽西州约有760万人口。

  principle ['prins?pl] n.原则,道义;基本信念,信条;准则,规范

  【考】fundamental principle基本原理;moral principle道德准则

  【例】Frank will do anything to make money.He has no principles.弗兰克会不择手段地挣钱,他做事没有原则。//general principle普遍原理

  procedure [pr?'si:d??] n.程序,手续,步骤

  【例】What’s the procedure for opening a bank account?在银行开办账户需要什么手续?

  prohibit [pr?u'hibit] vt.禁止,不准

  【考】prohibit sb.from doing禁止某人做…

  【例】Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory.工厂内严禁吸烟。

  【派】prohibition(n.禁令)

  prominent ['pr?min?nt] adj.突出的,杰出的;突起的,凸出的

  

  【例】a prominent Chinese scientist一位杰出的中国科学家//a prominent nose大鼻子

  rally ['r?li] n.集会,(群众)大会;公路汽车赛v.集合,团结;恢复(健康等)

  【记】联想记忆:r+all(全部)+y→从r到y全部过来→集会

  【例】a pro-democracy rally亲民主政治集会//Surely the local business community could have rallied to raise the cash.当地企业界肯定举行集会筹集资金。//Miami rallied to defeat New Orleans 28-24.迈阿密重振旗鼓以28比24击败了新奥尔良队。

  rank [r??k] n.军衔,职衔;地位;[pl.](政党、组织等的)普通成员;排,行列vt.把…分等vi.列入,(在序列中)占特定等级

  【记】联想记忆:银行(bank)拥有不同社会阶层(rank)的客户

  【考】the rank and file普通士兵,普通成员

  【例】an officer of junior rank下级军官//That summer I left school and joined the ranks of the unemployed.那个夏天我离开了学校加入了失业一族。//Martina Hingis was beaten by someone who was ranked only 200th in the world.玛蒂娜·辛吉斯被世界排名200位的选手击败了。

  【派】ranking(a.高级的)

  realistic [,ri?'listik, ,ri:-] adj.现实的;实际可行的;现实主义的,逼真的

  【例】It’s just not realistic to expect a promotion so soon.这么快就想晋升不太现实。//Is this a realistic target?这是一个现实的目标吗?

  【派】unrealistic(a.不切实际的)

  reality [ri'?l?ti, ri:-] n.现实,实际;真实

  【考】 dreams and reality梦想和现实;in reality实际上,事实上

  【例】the distinction between fantasy and reality幻想与现实之间的差别// Henry always seems so self-confident,but in reality he’s extremely shy.亨利总是表现得非常自信,但实际上他极为害羞。

  reconcile ['rek?nsail] vt.使协调;使和解;使顺从(于),使甘心(于)

  【考】reconcile to使顺从(于)

  【例】John and his youngest son were,on the surface at least,reconciled.约翰和自己的小儿子至少从表面上已经和解了。//Could you reconcile your self to a lifetime of unemployment like this?你甘心就这样一辈子失业吗?

  reform [ri'f?:m] vt./n.改革,改良,改造vi.改正,改过自新

  【记】词根记忆:re(重新)+form(形成)→重新形成→改革,改良

  【考】welfare reform福利改革

  【例】They reformed the voting system,and introduced a secret ballot.他们改革了投票机制引入了无记名投票制。//a reform criminal一名改过自新的囚犯//economic reform经济改革

  【派】reformer(n.改革者);reformation(n.改革);reformatory(n.管教所); reformism(n.改革主义)

  reinforce [,ri:in'f?:s] vt.增强,加强,增援

  【例】Any good speaker should be able to reinforce his argument with facts.一名优秀的演讲者会用事实来支持自己的论点。

  【派】reinforcement(n.增援,加强)

  reputation [,repju'tei??n] n.名气,名声,名誉

  【例】The area has a really bad reputation but it isn’t as bad as people think.该地区确实臭名远扬但还没有人们想象得那么糟糕。

  resist [ri'zist] vt.抵抗,抵制;抗(病等),耐(热等);拒受…的影响vi.抵抗,抵制

  【例】Bruce was charged with trying to resist arrest.布鲁斯因拒捕受到起诉。//It’s hard to resist an invitation like that.这样的邀请让人难以拒绝。

  resistance [ri'zist?ns] n.反抗,抵制;抵抗力,抵抗性;阻力,电阻

  【例】The no-smoking policy was introduced with little resistance from staff.没有员工阻挠禁烟政策的实施。//The car is streamlined to cut down wind resistance.汽车设计成流线型以减少风的阻力。

  resistant [ri'zist?nt] adj.抵抗的;抗…的,耐…的

  【考】be resistant to抗…,耐…

  【例】Many people are resistant to change.很多人不喜欢变化。//an infection that’s resistant to antibiotics对抗生素产生抗药性的感染

  【派】quake-resistant(a.抗震的);wind-resistant(a.抗风的)

  resolve [ri'z?lv] vt.解决,解答;决意;分解vi.决定n.决心,决意

  【考】resolve into分解

  【例】Bernard was desperate for money to resolve his financial problems.伯纳德急需资金来解决他的财务问题。//I resolved to keep quiet about what I had heard,since it would only cause trouble.我决心对自己的所闻守口如瓶,因为说出去只能惹麻烦。//Recent events strengthened her resolve to find out the truth.近期的事件坚定了她找出真相的决心。

  【派】resolution(n.分辨率,清晰度)

  responsible [ri'sp?ns?bl] adj.承担责任的;有责任感的;责任重大的

  【记】词根记忆:re+spons(约定)+ible→遵守约定→有责任感的

  【考】be responsible for sth.对…负责;是造成…的原因

  【例】Mrs.Williams says that the hospital was responsible for her husband’s death.威廉姆斯夫人表示医院应该对其丈夫的死亡负责。//I’m a responsible adult.I call make my own choices.我是一个有责任感的成年人,我可以做主。

  responsibility [ri,sp?ns?'biliti] n.责任,责任心;职责,义务

  【考】sense of responsibility责任心

  【例】The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for the damage caused by misuse.因使用不当造成的损坏,生产厂家不负任何责任。//family responsibilities家庭义务

  reveal [ri'vi:l] vt.揭露,泄露;展现,显示

  【记】联想记忆:re(相反)+veal(看作veil,面纱)→除去面纱→揭露;展现

  【例】I promise never to reveal your secret.我答应决不泄漏你的秘密。//a test that can reveal a teacher’s hidden skills一个展现教师潜能的测验

  isolate ['ais?leit, -lit] vt.使隔离;使孤立

  【考】be isolated from与…隔离

  【例】The town was isolated by the floods.洪水让这座小镇与外界失去了联系。//The U.S.has tried to isolate Cuba both economically and politically.美国试图在政治与经济上孤立古巴。

  appease [?'pi:z] vt.平息,抚慰,姑息

  【记】联想记忆:ap+pease(看作peace)→寻求和平→平息

  【例】This was a clever attempt to appease the people,but it backfired.这是平息那帮人怒火的明智方法,但结果却适得其反。

  【派】appeasement(n.平息,满足)

  lag [l?ɡ] vi.走得慢,落后n.滞后,(时间上的)间隔

  【记】联想记忆:背个大包(bag)当然走得慢(lag)

  【考】lag behind落在后面

  【例】The small girl soon became tired and lagged far behind.小女孩儿不久就走不动了,远远地落在后面。//a time lag一段时间差

  layer ['lei?] n.层,层次

  【考】the upper layer上层

  【例】A thick layer of dust lay on the furniture.家具上落了厚厚的一层灰。

  inquire [in'kwai?] vt.打听,询问

  【考】inquire after/about问起(某人),问候;inquire into调查,探究

  【例】Tom called me aside to inquire after my daughter.汤姆给我打电话问候我的女儿。//The police will inquire into the company’s financial dealings.警方将调查该公司的财务往来。

  inquiry [in'kwai?ri] n.打听,询问;调查

  【考】make an inquiry into调查某事;on/upon inquiry经询问后,经调查

  【例】I don’t know who sent the gift,but I'll make some inquiries.我不知道是谁送的礼物,但我会打听一下的。//Department of Homeland Security has promised a thorough inquiry into the plane crash.国土安全部答应对这次飞机失事进行彻底的调查。

  inspect [in'spekt] vt.检查,视察

  【记】词根记忆:in(进入)+spect(看)→进去看→检查,视察

  【考】inspect sth./sb.for检查;察看;审视

  【例】The customs officer inspected me tau man’s passport suspiciously.海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了那个高个子男人的护照。

  【派】inspector(n.检查员);inspection(n.检查,视察)

  world-wide ['w?:ldwaid] adj.世界范围的,全世界的

  【例】cars with a worldwide reputation for reliability性能享誉全球的汽车

  zone [z?un] n.地区,区域

  【记】联想记忆:z(看作zoo,动物园)+one→一个动物园的范围

  【例】time zone时区

  【派】zoning(n.分区制)

  interfere [,int?'fi?] vi.干涉,介入;妨碍,干扰

  【记】词根记忆:inter(在…之间)+fer(带来)+e→来到中间→介入

  【考】interfere with/in妨碍,干扰

  【例】Mary said her mother interfered in her adult life and treated her like a child.玛丽称妈妈干涉了她的成人生活,还把她当作孩子一样来看待。//Anxiety can interfere with children’s performance at school.焦虑会妨碍孩子在学校的表现。

  interference [,int?'fi?r?ns] n.干涉,介入;阻碍,干扰

  【例】I don’t want any interference from you!我用不着你来干涉!

  secure [si'kju?] adj.安全的;稳固的;无忧虑的vt.得到,获得;使安全;缚牢

  【记】联想记忆:se(看作see,看)+cure(治愈)→亲眼看到治愈,确定其是安全的

  【例】Keep your passport in a secure place.把你的护照存放在一个安全的地方。//It was enough money to make US feel financially secure.这笔钱足够让我们不再为财政而担忧。//The company secured a $20 million contract.该公司得到了一份2000万美元的合同。

  【派】securely(以安全地,安心地);security(n.安全,保障);securable(a.可得到的)

  demonstrate ['dem?nstreit] vt.论证;演示;显示,表露vi.举行示威游行(或集会)

  【例】A trainer came in to demonstrate how the new computer system worked.一名指导员进来演示新电脑系统的工作原理。//What are they demonstrating against?他们抗议什么呢?

  【派】demonstration(n.示威;(教学)示范)

  origin ['?rid?in, '?:-] n.起源;起因;[常pl.]出身,血统

  【例】The social unrest has its origins in economic problems.社会动荡的根源在于经济问题。//Two fifths of the pupils are of Asian origins.五分之二的学生来自东方国家。

  status ['steit?s, 'st?-] n.地位,身份;情形,状况

  【记】联想记忆:stat(看作state,声明)+us(我们)→声明我们是谁→身份

  【例】Doctors have traditionally enjoyed high social status.医生一直享有较高的社会地位。//marital status婚姻状况

  banner ['b?n?] n.横幅;旗,旗帜

  【例】The protesters were carrying anti-war banners.抗议者高举反战标语。

  cast [kɑ:s, k?st] vt.投射(光、视线等),把…加于;投;丢弃,剔除;脱落;浇铸n.演员表;石膏绷带;铸件;投,抛

  【考】cast about/around for 到处寻找,试图找到;cast aside/away把…丢一边,去掉;cast off抛弃,丢弃;cast out赶出,驱逐

  【例】The old mall cast off his son and disinherited him.老人断绝了与儿子的关系,并剥夺了他的继承权。//Would you cast your eye over these calculations to check that they are correct?你看一下这些计算数字,检查它们是否正确,好吗?//an all-star cast全明星阵容//Make a cast of the statue.制作一尊雕像的铸件。