英语词性转换:动词变化为名词

  (a)词形不变,词性改变? 例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物). ?? ? (b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词

  例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, ?visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等. 注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.? ? ? ? ?2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?例如:run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等. ?? ? (c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词? 例如:achieve—achievement (成就) ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)? ? ? ? ?agree—agreement ? ? ?disgree—disagreement ? ? ? ?amuse—amusement (娱乐) ? ? ?improve—improvement(争吵)? ? ? ? ?commit(奉献)—commitment ? ? ?develop—development (发展) ? ? ? ?depart—department (局,部) ? ? govern(统治)—government(政府) ? ? ? ?manage—management (管理) ? ? ?equip—equipment (装备)? ?有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. ? ?例如:argue—argument(争论) ?? ? (d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词? 例如: attract—attraction; ? instruct—instruction; ?? ? ? ? ? invent—invention discuss—discussion; ? express—expression educate—education; ?? ? ? ? ? graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion")? ? ? ? ? compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion") ? ? ? ? decide—decision ? ?conclude—conclusion ?(把de改为s再加"ion") ? ? ? ? describe—description描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化) ?? ? (e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词

  例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现) ? ? ? ? ?perform—performance (演出) ? ? ? ? ?accept—acceptance (接受) ?? ? (f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)? 例如:meet—meeting ? ? ? build—building ? ? ? ? wait—waiting ? ? ? ?bathe—bathing ? ? ? say—saying(谚语) ? ?mean—meaning ? ? ? end —ending ? ? ? ? ? train —training ? ? ? ? ?wash—washing 注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing 如:swim—swimming ? shop—shopping ? ?begin—beginning ?? ? (g)其他一些比较特殊的变化? 例如: Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐) ? ? ? ? ? ? ?behave(行为举止)—behavior ? ? ? ? ? know(知道)—knowledge(知识) ? ? ?fly—flight (飞行)? ? ? ? ? ? heat (加热)—heat(热量) ?hit (撞击)—hit( 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞) ? ? ? ? ? mix (混合)—mixture(混合物) ? ?press(按,压)—pressure(压力) ? ? ? ? ? sit(坐)—seat (座位) ? ? ? ? succeed—success(成功) ? ? ? ? ? tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)