十月热词翻译汇总
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Boris Johnson is drawing up plans to shut pubs and restaurants in the north of England within days to contain a surging infection rate.
英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊正在起草计划，在几天内关闭英格兰北部的酒吧和餐馆，以控制激增的新冠肺炎感染率。
Some areas will fall under tier-three lockdown measures on a simplified “traffic light” system of restrictions expected to be announced next week.
英国预计将于下周宣布简化的“交通灯”三级封锁措施，一些地区将成为“三级封锁”地区。
Tier 1 will see current social distancing measures, the “rule of six” and a pub curfew of 10pm enforced, according to reports.
据报道，一级封锁地区将继续实施当前的保持社交距离、六人社交聚会禁令和10点酒吧宵禁措施。
Areas in Tier 2 will have the same restrictions plus a ban on households mixing.
二级封锁地区除此之外还将禁止不同家庭之间互相探访。
Tier 3 sees pubs and restaurants ordered to shut.
三级封锁地区（除了一级和二级的限制措施外）还将关闭餐馆和酒吧。
There could also be a ban on overnight stays away from home in some areas.
在一些地区，还可能禁止人们离家过夜。
在欧洲大陆，布鲁塞尔实行“红色警戒”封锁（"code red" lockdown），所有的咖啡馆、学生啤酒屋、酒吧和茶室都已关闭一个月。
与比利时实行的晚间11点宵禁（curfew）相比，这些措施更加严格。
在巴黎，酒吧和咖啡馆自10月6日起完全关闭两周。
深圳综合改革试点方案出炉
近日，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《深圳建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区综合改革试点实施方案（2020－2025年）》。
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Supporting Shenzhen to pilot the comprehensive authorized reform measuresis another significant step to advance the city's opening-up in the new era and a key move in building a pilot demonstration area of socialism with Chinese characteristics, said the document.
方案指出，支持深圳实施 综合授权改革试点，是新时代推动深圳改革开放再出发的又一重大举措，是建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区的关键一招。
方案提出的主要目标是：
In 2020, major reform measures are expected to be taken in the spheres of market-based allocation of production factors, business environment optimization, and the utilization of urban space, while a list specifying the first batch of authorized matters shall be formulated and implemented.
2020年，在要素市场化配置、营商环境优化、城市空间统筹利用等重要领域推出一批重大改革措施，制定实施首批综合授权事项清单，推动试点开好局、起好步。
In 2022, significant institutional achievements that can be replicated and promoted shall be made in all relevant aspects.
2022年，各方面制度建设取得重要进展，形成一批可复制可推广的重大制度成果，试点取得阶段性成效。
In 2025, landmark achievements shall be scored, with the pilot reform tasks basically completed and providing an essential paradigm for institutional building throughout the country.
2025年，重要领域和关键环节改革取得标志性成果，基本完成试点改革任务，为全国制度建设作出重要示范。
方案其他要点：
To further optimize business environment, the plan said that the special economic zone will draw up a list of special measures to relax restrictions on sectors including energy, telecommunication, public service, transport and education based on the nationwide negative list.
进一步优化营商环境，在全国统一的市场准入负面清单基础上，制定深圳放宽市场准入特别措施清单，放宽能源、电信、公用事业、交通运输、教育等领域市场准入。
Greater efforts will be made to further loosen limits on foreign investment in cutting-edge technologies, and improve the system of fair competition, the document said.
进一步放宽前沿技术领域的外商投资准入限制。支持完善公平竞争制度。
The city will pilot the legal protection of new intellectual property rights (IPR), establish a compensation system for IPR infringements, and explore legislation in emerging areas.
开展新型知识产权法律保护试点，建立知识产权侵权惩罚性赔偿制度，在新兴领域加强立法探索。
Shenzhen will also help foreign talent obtain Chinese permanent residence permits and attend professional qualification examinations.
为符合条件的外籍高层次人才申请永久居留提供便利。放宽境外人员参加各类职业资格考试的限制。
Opening-up in the finance and shipping industries will be strengthened, with more efforts to advance the renminbi internationalization and improve the foreign exchange management system.
扩大金融业、航运业等对外开放。支持深圳在推进人民币国际化方面先行先试，推动完善外汇管理体制。
Foreign institutions will be encouraged to set up securities and fund management companies in the city, the document said.
支持符合条件的外资金融机构在深圳依法发起设立证券公司、基金管理公司。
12至14岁故意杀人等犯罪或将负刑责
10月13日，刑法修正案（十一）草案二审稿提请全国人大常委会审议。草案二审稿的一系列新修改引人注目。
* 拟个别调整刑事责任年龄
If a juvenile who has reached the age of 12, but is under 14, commits intentional homicide or inflicts an injury that leads to death under flagrant circumstances, he or she shall bear criminal responsibility upon attestation and approval of the Supreme People's Procuratorate (SPP), according to the draft.
草案规定，已满12周岁不满14周岁的人，犯故意杀人、故意伤害罪，致人死亡，情节恶劣的，经最高人民检察院核准，应当负刑事责任。
草案规定，因不满16周岁不予刑事处罚的，责令他的家长或者监护人加以管教；在必要的时候，依法进行专门 矫治教育（corrective education）。
* 拟明确规定监护、收养等人员性侵犯罪
The draft stipulates that guardians and those who adopt underage females aged between 14 and 16 shall be investigated for engaging in criminal sexual activity, regardless of whether the minors agree or not. Others targeted include those who have special duties of giving medical treatment to and educating the juveniles.
草案规定，对负有监护、收养、看护、教育、医疗等特殊职责人员，与已满14周岁不满16周岁未成年女性发生性关系的，不论未成年人是否同意，都应追究刑事责任。
此外，草案还明确将“冒名顶替上大学”等行为规定为犯罪。
草案规定， 盗用、冒用他人身份，顶替他人取得的高等学历教育入学资格、公务员录用资格、就业安置待遇的（ identity theftin college admission, public office qualification and employment），处三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制，并处罚金。
西藏历史性消除绝对贫困
10月15日，国务院新闻办公室在西藏自治区拉萨市举行新闻发布会，请中共西藏自治区委员会书记吴英杰，中共西藏自治区委员会副书记、西藏自治区人民政府主席齐扎拉介绍深入贯彻新时代党的治藏方略，西藏历史性消除绝对贫困有关情况。
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Tibet Autonomous Region has accomplished the historical feat of eradicating absolute poverty, according to a press briefing held in the regional capital of Lhasa Thursday. By the end of 2019, Tibet had lifted 628,000 people out of poverty and delisted 74 county-level areas from the poverty list, said Wu Yingjie, Communist Party of China chief of Tibet.
西藏自治区委员会书记吴英杰在发布会上表示，截至2019年底，西藏74个贫困县全部摘帽，62.8万建档立卡贫困人口全部脱贫， 历史性消除绝对贫困。
西藏是全国“三区三州”深度贫困地区中唯一的省级集中连片特困地区（the only contiguous poor area at the provincial level），是脱贫攻坚之初全国贫困发生率最高（the highest poverty headcount ratio）、贫困程度最深、扶贫成本最高、脱贫难度最大的区域。
为此，党中央制定特殊优惠政策，西藏各族干部群众奋发有为，改变了雪域高原千百年来贫穷落后的面貌。
Since 2016, Tibet has spent 74.8 billion yuan of agriculture-related funds in poverty alleviation, with an average annual increase of over 15 percent, Wu said.
2016年以来，西藏累计统筹整合涉农资金748亿元用于脱贫攻坚，年均增幅超过15%。
Since 2016, a total of 39.89 billion yuan has been invested in 2,984 poverty alleviation projects, which helped lift more than 238,000 impoverished people out of poverty and benefited more than 840,000 people, according to Wu.
2016年以来，西藏累计投入398.9亿元，实施产业扶贫项目2984个，带动23.8万贫困人口脱贫，受益群众超过84万人。
To date, the construction of 965 relocation sites has been completed, and 266,000 people have moved into new houses.
截至目前，已建成965个易地扶贫搬迁安置区（点），26.6万人搬迁入住。
经第三方评估，西藏脱贫攻坚群众满意度达99%以上。
消除绝对贫困后，西藏脱贫攻坚将全面转入巩固提升阶段（consolidate poverty alleviation achievements）。
易地搬迁和职业培训坚持群众自愿
Qizhala, chairman of the regional government of Tibet, told the press briefing that there are no forced vocational education and ensuing employment transfers for local farmers and herders.
西藏自治区主席齐扎拉表示，不存在强迫当地农牧民参与职业培训和转移就业的问题。
With Tibet eliminating absolute poverty and a spate of preferential policies implemented to benefit the people, residents have strong desires to work outside their hometowns and to learn skills. The government answers their desires and demands, Qizhala said.
随着西藏消除绝对贫困并实施一系列惠民政策，老百姓有强烈的愿望外出打工，老百姓有强烈的愿望想去学技术，而且政府顺应了他的愿望和需求。
Vocational education and skills training are popular among local farmers and herders, with them earning a larger proportion of their incomes with skills, said the chairman.
职业教育和技术培训在农牧民当中很受欢迎，劳动力收入中有技术含量的收入比重在不断提高。
Local farmers and herders can choose to work within Tibet or in neighboring or other regions, making employment choices of their own free will, Qizhala said.
当地农牧民可以选择在西藏就业，也可以去临近或其他地区就业，就业选择自主决定。
遭遇“碰瓷”怎么办？
针对人民群众反映强烈的“碰瓷”现象，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部近日联合印发《关于依法办理“碰瓷”违法犯罪案件的指导意见》，全面加强对此类违法犯罪行为的打击力度。
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The guideline identifies and specifies several illegal acts, such as deliberately crashing a car to claim compensation, and their corresponding punishments.
指导意见针对“碰瓷”手法多样的情况，进一步明确案件的定性和处罚。
指导意见明确，
Acts of fabricating facts, concealing truths and swindling compensation, that meet the relating provisions of the Criminal Law, shall be convicted and punished as the crime of fraud, according to the guideline.
虚构事实、隐瞒真相，骗取赔偿，符合刑法有关规定的，以诈骗罪定罪处罚。
Malicious behavior, including fabricating facts about the infringement of personal or property rights and interests as well as bringing a civil lawsuit on the grounds of a fake civil dispute, shall be punished as the offense of false charges if meeting the relating provisions of the Criminal Law, it adds.
捏造人身、财产权益受到侵害的事实，虚构民事纠纷，提起民事诉讼，符合刑法有关规定的，以虚假诉讼罪定罪处罚。
The guideline also stipulates that whoever deliberately causes a traffic accident and blackmails the victim utilizing the victim's violation of provisions on road passage, which meets the relating provisions of the Criminal Law, shall be punished as the crime of extortion by blackmail.
“碰瓷”团伙若故意制造交通事故进而利用被害人违反道路通行规定等相要挟的，符合刑法有关规定的，以敲诈勒索罪定罪处罚。
A relatively stable criminal organization formed by three or more persons for committing such blackmail-related crimes jointly should be considered as a criminal group, it said, noting that those in conformity with the identification standard of gang crimes should be investigated, prosecuted and tried accordingly.
三人以上为共同故意实施“碰瓷”犯罪而组成的较为固定的犯罪组织，应当认定为犯罪集团。符合黑恶势力认定标准的，应当按照黑社会性质组织、恶势力或者恶势力犯罪集团侦查、起诉、审判。
45种野生动物年底前停止养殖
近日，国家林草局在其官网发布了《关于规范禁食野生动物分类管理范围的通知》，对64种在养且禁止食用的野生动物提出了分类管理要求，指导养殖户合法合规经营、有序有效转产转型。
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Captive breeding of 45 types of wild animals, including bamboo rats, will be phased out by the end of this year, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration said.
国家林草局表示，对于竹鼠等45种野生动物，要在年底前逐步停止 养殖活动。
确需适量保留种源（for the purpose of keeping the species alive）用于科学研究等非食用性目的的，要充分论证工作方案的可行性，并严格履行相关手续。
Another 19 wild animals, including hedgehogs, guinea pigs, nutrias and cobras, will be allowed to be raised for species protection, scientific study, medical use and the pet industry, but stricter regulation of farming and quarantine inspections will be required.
对于刺猬、豚鼠、海狸鼠、眼镜蛇等19种野生动物，允许用于保留种源、科研、药用、宠物等非食用性目的的养殖，强化日常监督管理，严格落实防疫检疫相关要求。
今年2月24日，十三届全国人大常委会第十六次会议表决通过了《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于全面禁止非法野生动物交易、革除滥食野生动物陋习、切实保障人民群众生命健康安全的决定》。
The decision has made it clear that all wildlife on the protection list of the existing Wild Animal Protection Law or other laws, and all terrestrial wildlife, including those artificially bred and farmed, are banned from consumption.
决定明确规定，凡野生动物保护法和其他有关法律禁止的，以及
，全面禁止食用。
全面禁止以食用为目的猎捕、交易、运输在野外环境自然生长繁殖的陆生野生动物（hunting, trading and transportation of wild terrestrial animals for purposes of consumption）。
对于鸽、兔等人工养殖、利用时间长、技术成熟，人民群众已广泛接受的人工饲养的动物（farm-raised animals），决定规定，列入畜禽遗传资源目录的动物，属于家畜家禽（under the category of poultry and livestock），适用畜牧法的规定。
WHO：群体免疫是“不道德的”抗疫策略
在全球新冠肺炎病例不断增多的同时，仍有一些国家和民众相信甚至采取群体免疫作为抗疫策略。对此，世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞表示，群体免疫原本是用于疫苗接种的一个概念，用群体免疫作为应对新冠疫情的策略既不科学也不道德，并重申疫情防控没有捷径。
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Using the principle of so-called “ herd immunity” to stem the COVID-19 pandemic is “unethical” and “not an option” countries should pursue to defeat the virus, the UN health agency chief warned on Monday.
世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞10月12日警告称，用所谓的“ 群体免疫”原则来阻止新冠肺炎疫情是“不道德的”，也不是国家抗击病毒的“一个选项”。
"Herd immunity is a concept used for vaccination, in which a population can be protected from a certain virus if a threshold of vaccination is reached”, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), told the agency’s regular press briefing in Geneva.
谭德塞在日内瓦的例行新闻发布会上说：“群体免疫是用于疫苗接种的一个概念，意思是如果足够多的人接种了疫苗，就可以使整个群体免受某种病毒感染。”
他解释道，群体免疫是通过保护人们免受病毒感染来实现的，“而不是通过让人们接触病毒实现的。”
谭德塞称：“公共卫生史上从未用群体免疫作为一种策略来应对疫情暴发。”他表示这种做法“在科学上和道德上都是有问题的”（scientifically and ethically problematic）。
举例来说，要达到麻疹病的群体免疫，约95%的人口必须接种疫苗。然而，据世界卫生组织估计，全球不到10%的人口对新冠病毒有免疫力，这意味着世界上“绝大多数人”都是易感人群。
谭德塞称：“因此，让病毒不受限制地传播，意味着不必要的感染、痛苦和死亡。”
抗美援朝志愿军老战士获纪念章
中共中央、国务院、中央军委向健在的志愿军老战士老同志颁发“中国人民志愿军抗美援朝出国作战70周年”纪念章。
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Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV) army veterans who fought in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea (1950-1953) have been granted memorial medals as China marks the 70th anniversary of the CPV army entering the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) in the war.
今年是中国人民志愿军抗美援朝出国作战70周年，参加抗美援朝出国作战的志愿军老战士被授予“中国人民志愿军抗美援朝出国作战70周年”纪念章。
奖章由中共中央、国务院、中央军委颁发，特授予健在的志愿军老战士老同志。
纪念章印有志愿军战士形象，含有和平鸽、五星等多种元素，象征中国人民志愿军抗美援朝出国作战70周年，寓意伟大的抗美援朝战争是保卫和平、反抗侵略的正义之战，伟大的抗美援朝精神永远是中国人民的宝贵财富，彰显了我国不畏强敌、维护世界和平、构建人类命运共同体的坚定决心和信心。
据党和国家功勋荣誉表彰工作委员会办公室负责人介绍，“中国人民志愿军抗美援朝出国作战70周年”纪念章颁发给下述对象中符合条件的人员：
——参加抗美援朝出国作战的、健在的志愿军老战士老同志。
——出国为抗美援朝战争服务的、健在的医务、铁道、运输、翻译人员，参加停战谈判等工作的人员，民兵、民工，新闻记者、作家、摄影等人员。
——1953年7月停战后至1958年10月志愿军全部撤离朝鲜期间，在朝鲜帮助恢复生产建设的、健在的人员。
2020年1月1日以后去世的，在此次发放范围之内。
“十三五”期间生态环境质量总体改善
生态环境部副部长赵英民在国新办举行的新闻发布会上透露，和五年前相比，全国生态环境质量总体改善，污染防治阶段性目标顺利实现。
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China will be able to meet all of its nine pollution control targets during the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) period as scheduled. "The environmental improvementsin the country after 2015 have been bigger than those in each of the other five-year plan periods," said Zhao Yingmin, vice-minister of ecology and environment, at the news conference.
生态环境部副部长赵英民在发布会上表示，“十三五”时期是迄今为止 生态环境质量改善成效最大的五年，我国将如期完成“十三五”规划纲要确定的9项 污染防治指标。
从具体指标看，与2015年相比，
2019年全国地表水质量达到或好于Ⅲ类水体（the proportion of surface water with a water quality rating of Grade III or higher）比例上升8.9个百分点，达到74.9%，
地表水质量劣Ⅴ类水体比例（the proportion of water with quality below Grade V）下降6.3个百分点，达到3.4%；
细颗粒物（PM2.5）未达标地级及以上城市浓度（density of PM 2.5 in prefecture-level cities with low air quality standards）下降23.1%，
全国337个地级及以上城市空气质量优良天数比率（the proportion of days with good air quality in 337 prefecture-level cities）达到82%；
化学需氧量、氨氮、二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放总量（discharge of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, and oxynitride）累计分别下降11.5%、11.9%、22.5%、16.3%；
单位GDP二氧化碳排放（carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP）累计降低18.2%。
除地级及以上城市空气质量优良天数比率这一项指标外，其余8项约束性指标均已完成“十三五”规划纲要确定的目标。
针对尚未完成的这一项指标，赵英民介绍，
From January to September, the proportion of days with fairly good air quality in those cities reached 87.2 percent, 5.7 percentage points higher than that of the same period in 2019. The country is expected to meet its ninth goal of at least 84.5 percent of days with good air quality in the 337 monitored cities by year's end.
今年1至9月，地级及以上城市空气质量优良天数比率为87.2%，同比上升5.7个百分点。预计能够顺利完成“十三五”规划纲要确定的“全国337个地级及以上城市空气质量优良天数比率达到84.5%以上”这个目标。
新修订的《未成年人保护法》通过
10月17日，新修订的《未成年人保护法》经十三届全国人大常委会第二十二次会议表决通过，自2021年6月1日起施行。
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The amended Law on Protection of Minors has almost twice as many clauses as the old version of the law and includes a new chapter on internet protectionin a bid to protect those under the age of 18 when they are online.
新修订的《未成年人保护法》比现行法律增加了近一倍条款，并新增“ 网络保护”章，以保护未成年人网络安全。
针对未成年人沉迷网络等问题，新修订的《未成年人保护法》作出规定：
Internet product and service providers shall not offer minors with products and services that induce addiction, says the revision.
网络产品和服务提供者不得向未成年人提供诱导其沉迷的产品和服务。
Providers of online services, including game, livestream, audio and video, and social media, shall set up corresponding functions such as time limit, authorization and consumption limit for minors, according to the revision.
网络游戏、网络直播、网络音视频、网络社交等网络服务提供者应当针对未成年人使用其服务设置相应的时间管理、权限管理、消费管理等功能。
在应对网络欺凌方面，新修订的《未成年人保护法》作出规定，
The minors under cyberbullyingand their parents and guardians have the right to inform the internet service providers to take measures such as deleting, blocking or disconnecting links.
遭受 网络欺凌的未成年人及其父母或者其他监护人有权通知网络服务提供者采取删除、屏蔽、断开链接等措施。
Upon receiving the notice, the service provider shall take necessary measures to stop the bullying and prevent the spread of related information, says the revision.
网络服务提供者接到通知后，应当及时采取必要的措施制止网络欺凌行为，防止信息扩散。
向性侵和欺凌说不
The revision also makes provisions on sexual assault and harassment against minors, stipulating that schools and kindergartens shall not conceal such illegal and criminal acts, and shall promptly report to the public security and education authorities, and cooperate with relevant departments according to law.
对性侵害、性骚扰未成年人等违法犯罪行为，学校、幼儿园不得隐瞒，应当及时向公安机关、教育行政部门报告，并配合相关部门依法处理。
The revised law makes it clear that the country should establish a database of offenders who sexually assault, abuse, abduct or violently harm children and share the information with facilities that work with minors.
国家建立性侵害、虐待、拐卖、暴力伤害等违法犯罪人员信息查询系统，向密切接触未成年人的单位提供免费查询服务。
强化各方报告义务
Hotel operators should ask children for the phone numbers of their parents or guardians when they try to check in alone or with other adults. The operators must call police quickly if they uncover a suspected crime or violation of the law.
旅馆、宾馆、酒店等住宿经营者接待未成年人入住，或者接待未成年人和成年人共同入住时，应当询问父母或者其他监护人的联系方式等有关情况；发现有违法犯罪嫌疑的，应当立即向公安机关报告。
我国6万人已接种新冠疫苗
10月20日，国务院联防联控机制召开新闻发布会，外交部、科技部、国家卫生健康委、国家药监局等有关负责人与专家介绍了我国新冠疫苗最新情况。
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China currently has 13 vaccine candidates in clinical trials, of which three inactivated vaccines and one adenovirus vector vaccine are in phase three trials, and about 60,000 volunteers have been inoculated with the four vaccine candidates, said Tian Baoguo, deputy head of the Department of Science and Technology for Social Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology.
科技部社会发展科技司副司长田保国介绍，目前我国已有13个 疫苗进入临床阶段。其中，灭活疫苗和腺病毒载体疫苗两种技术路线共4个疫苗进入三期临床。截至目前，共计约6万名受试者接种。
Ⅲ期临床试验结果是验证 疫苗保护力（vaccine-induced protection）国际公认的有效性指标。田保国介绍，目前进入Ⅲ期临床试验的新冠病毒疫苗，发生的不良反应基本为轻度不良反应（mild adverse reactions），比如接种部位局部疼痛、红肿（pain and swelling at the injection site），以及一过性的低烧、发热等。
今年年底我国疫苗产能或达6.1亿剂
国家卫生健康委科技发展中心主任郑忠伟介绍，
The nation's annual COVID-19 vaccine production capacitycould reach 610 million doses this year and it will expand further next year.
预计今年年底我国 疫苗的产能能达到6.1亿剂。明年我国新冠疫苗的年产能，将在此基础上有效扩大。
作为全球公共产品优先向发展中国家提供
China is proactively fulfilling its promise of making COVID-19 vaccines a global public good and promoting equitable access to safe and effective vaccines.
中国一直在积极履行将新冠疫苗作为全球公共产品以及推动安全有效疫苗的公平分配这个承诺。
On Oct 8, China joined COVAX, an initiative co-led by the WHO and partners to ensure efficient and equitable global access to a COVID-19 vaccine. As of Tuesday, 184 countries and regions have joined the initiative.
10月8日，中国加入了由世界卫生组织及其合作伙伴共同牵头成立的“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”，旨在确保新冠肺炎疫苗在全球范围内有效公平分配。截至10月20日，已有184个国家和地区加入该计划。
含汞体温计和含汞血压计产品将全面禁止生产
近日，国家药监局在其网站发布《国家药监局综合司关于履行有关事项的通知》。
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China will ban the production of mercury thermometers and sphygmomanometers nationwide starting in 2026, according to the statement.
通知指出，自2026年起，我国将全面禁止生产含汞体温计和含汞血压计产品。
通知提到：
Medical equipment manufacturers with valid registration certificates and production licenses are allowed to continue their production of such medical devices and will be granted renewal of their certificates until Dec 31, 2025.
已经取得医疗器械注册证的含汞体温计和含汞血压计产品，原注册证在证书有效期内继续有效，注册证有效期届满可以申请延续注册，但限定其注册证有效期不得超过2025年12月31日。
In terms of those who are in the process of acquiring production certification, the administration still will issue registration certificates and production licenses in accordance with the regulation, with the validity period not exceeding Dec 31, 2025.
已经按照医疗器械受理的含汞体温计和含汞血压计产品，继续按照医疗器械进行审评审批，准予注册的，发给医疗器械注册证，限定其注册证书有效期不得超过2025年12月31日。
我国是首批加入《关于汞的水俣公约》（the Minamata Convention on Mercury）的国家，该公约简称为 《水俣公约》，其目标是保护人体健康和环境免受汞和汞化合物人为排放和释放的危害（to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of anthropogenic releases of mercury）。《水俣公约》得名于日本城市水俣，1950年代后期，水俣当地居民受到被汞污染的工业废水（the release of mercury into industrial wastewater）的毒害。全球通过了《关于汞的水俣公约》，以纪念因汞中毒而丧生的众多遇难者，并要求相关行业吸取教训。该公约通过采用现有的较好做法以及较安全替代品，对汞的生命周期进行管控来帮助所有国家。
70岁以上人员可申请驾照
公安部10月22日召开新闻发布会，通报公安部推出服务“六稳”“六保”、深化公安交管“放管服”改革、优化营商环境等方面的12项措施情况。
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China will allow citizens over 70 to apply for driving licenses, on condition that their health meets the requirements for safe driving, the Ministry of Public Security announced.
公安部表示，身体条件达到安全驾驶要求的情况下，70岁以上的人员可以申请驾照。
允许70岁以上人员申请的驾照类型分别为小型汽车（compact cars）、小型自动挡汽车（compact automatic transmission cars）、轻便摩托车（lightweight motorcycle）。
Applicants over 70 will have to pass tests of their memory, judgment, reaction time and other abilities to ensure they are capable of driving safely. They will also need to have a medical checkup and submit the result each year.
70周岁以上人员考领驾驶证的，增加记忆力、判断力、反应力等能力测试，保证身体条件符合安全驾驶要求，且需每年进行一次身体检查，提交体检证明。
其他年龄限制调整
The minimum age requirement for a driver's license for a large coach will be reduced from 26 to 22, and that for a driver's license for a towing vehicle from 24 to 22. The upper age limit for a driver's license for large or medium-sized passenger cars and trucks will be raised from 50 to 60.
对于申请大型客车、牵引车驾驶证的年龄下限由26周岁、24周岁降低至22周岁，申请大中型客货车驾驶证年龄上限由50周岁调整至60周岁。
扩大体检医疗机构范围
License applicants will be able to have the checkups in nearby medical institutions, including township hospitals, community health service centers and physical examination centers.
驾照申请者可选择就近的乡镇卫生院、社区卫生服务中心、健康体检中心等医疗机构进行体检。
扩大机动车免检范围
Excluding minivans, noncommercial cars with seven to nine seats that have been in operation for more than six years but less than 10 years will no longer need to pass an annual inspection. Instead, they will now be inspected once every two years.
对非营运小微型客车（面包车除外）超过6年不满10年的，由每年检验1次调整为每两年检验1次。
美重新定义“密切接触者”
美国疾控中心日前修改了疫情防控指导意见中关于密切接触者的定义，将时间较短但反复接触的情况也包括在内。新的定义明确，只要在24小时内与新冠病毒感染者接触时间累计达15分钟，就会被认定为密切接触者。
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Federal health officials issued new guidance on Wednesday that greatly expands the pool of people considered at risk of contracting the novel coronavirus by changing the definition of who is a “ close contact” of an infected individual.
美国联邦卫生官员本10月21日发布了新指导意见，该意见更改了新冠病毒感染者的“ 密切接触者”的定义，从而大大扩展了有感染新冠病毒风险的人群范围。
The change by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is likely to have its biggest impact in schools, workplaces and other group settings where people are in contact with others for long periods of time. It also underscores the importance of mask-wearing to prevent spread of the virus.
美国疾病控制与预防中心的这一改动可能对学校、办公场所和其他人与人长时间接触的聚集环境影响最大。该指导意见还强调了佩戴口罩以防止病毒传播的重要性。
疾控中心的一名官员匿名透露，关于新冠病毒传播的最新指导意见，疾控中心的科学家已经讨论了好几周。
疾控中心表示，多达一半的新冠病毒感染者没有症状，“因此佩戴口罩很关键，因为你可能携带病毒而不自知。尽管口罩对佩戴者的保护作用有限，但是每多一个人佩戴口罩，就对每个人多一份保护。如果更多人佩戴口罩，就有更多人受到保护。”
可变轨高速动车组下线
我国时速400公里跨国互联互通高速动车组10月21日在中车唐山下线。
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A new generation of high-speed trains that can adapt to different track gauges, widths, and climate conditions has been developed in Changchun, Jilin province.
能够在不同气候条件、不同轨距的铁路间运行的新一代 可变轨高速动车组近日在吉林省长春市下线。
The new type of train, developed by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co, is designed with a top speed of 400 kilometers per hour. Its ability to run on international railways with different track gauges and power supply standards makes international rail travel much more practical.
该动车组由中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司研制，列车设计运营时速400公里，能够在不同轨距、不同供电制式标准的国际铁路间运行，能让国际旅行更便捷。
The train also features increased adaptability to environmental changes. It can operate in temperatures between -50 and 50 C. The train's new technologies mean it can be used on about 90 percent of the global railway network.
该型号动车组还具备很强的环境适应性，能在零下50摄氏度至零上50摄氏度的温度区间内运行，这一新技术使其可在全球90%的铁路网上实现互联互通。
The new train is also more environmentally friendly, reducing average energy consumption per kilometer by 10 percent as well as cutting noise levels by two decibels.
该型号动车组也更节能环保，列车在同等运行速度条件下人均能耗每公里降低10%，噪音降低2分贝。
京沪高铁将推“静音车厢”
京沪高速铁路股份有限公司表示，今年年底前，京沪高铁将推出“静音车厢”及计次季票等新型票制产品系列服务新举措。
乘客在北京南站搭乘京沪高铁列车。
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The quiet carriagesare aimed at providing a more tranquil and comfortable ambience for travelers. Passengers willing to obey the rules can choose the "quiet carriage" while booking tickets on the website or mobile app 12306, according to the Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway Co. Ltd.
京沪高速铁路股份有限公司表示， “静音车厢”可为旅客提供更加安静舒适的旅行环境，愿意遵守相应行为规范的旅客，通过12306网站和手机客户端等购票时可自行选择“静音车厢”。
除了“静音车厢”，京沪高铁还将推出新型票制产品。
The company will initiate a flexible pricing mechanism, offering preferential ticket prices for commuters and frequent business travelers.
京沪高铁公司将建立灵活定价机制，为通勤客流以及频繁出行的商务客流提供票价优惠。
自2020年12月23日起，京沪高铁公司将对京沪高铁运行时速300～350公里的高铁动车组列车公布票价进行优化调整。根据 客流情况（passenger flow），区分季节、时段、席别、区段等，各站间执行票价将以公布票价为上限，实行多档次、灵活升降的票价体系，为旅客出行提供更多选择。
Under the system, the ticket price for a second-class seat will be between 598 and 498 yuan. For a business class seat, the price will be between 1,998 and 1,748 yuan.
按照新的定价机制，京沪间二等座最低票价498元，最高票价598元；商务座票价在1748元至1998元之间。
8款手机浏览器被纳入首批传播秩序专项整治
国家网信办10月26日晚发布公告，为有效解决网民反映强烈的手机浏览器网络传播乱象，即日起开展专项集中整治，UC、QQ、华为、360、搜狗、小米、vivo、OPPO等8款影响力较大的手机浏览器被纳入首批重点整治范围。
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The Cyberspace Administration of China told operators of the browser apps to conduct self-examinations and rectify problems by Nov 9. The problems include the spreading of rumors, the use of sensational headlines and the dissemination of vulgar content, the statement said.
国家网信办要求手机浏览器运营商在11月9日之前进行自查整改，整改的问题包括，传播谣言、“标题党”，以及传播低俗内容等。
国家网信办的公告指出，
For some time, mobile browsers have grown in an uncivilized way, with irregularities in publishing and spreading information. Some have become a gathering place and amplifier for dissemination of chaos by a few self-media accounts that are illegally editing news.
一段时间以来，手机浏览器野蛮生长，违规从事互联网新闻信息服务，成为“自媒体” 传播乱象的聚集地和放大器。
此次专项整治对行业突出问题实施“靶向治疗”（targeted treatment），通过督导整改立起“带电的高压线”（binding rules），推动手机浏览器传播秩序短期内实现实质性好转。
自查整改结束后，网信部门将对自查整改情况检查评估。
If they still have outstanding problems, they'll be dealt with strictly in line with laws and regulations until related businesses are banned
对问题依然突出的手机浏览器，将依法依规严肃处置，直至取缔相关业务。
10月27日，UC、QQ、华为、360、搜狗、小米、vivo、OPPO等8款影响力较大的手机浏览器按照国家网信办要求，统一发布《自查整改公告》。
公告称，根据国家网信办商业网站平台和“自媒体”传播秩序突出问题集中整治工作部署，自即日起至11月9日，对存在的网络传播秩序问题进行全面自查，深入整改。
全国石窟寺景区将“限流”
国家文物局、文化和旅游部日前发布通知，要求加强石窟寺等文物开放管理，石窟寺景区要严格控制游客数量。
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China plans to lay down a red line on carrying capacitiesto cope with potential overtourism at its grotto relics, said heritage and tourism authorities.
国家文物和旅游管理部门表示，将对石窟寺等遗产景区设置 承载量警示线，以解决可能出现的过度旅游问题。
通知要求，各省级文物行政部门应会同文化和旅游行政部门合理测算、从严设定石窟寺景区游客承载量。游客承载量应包括核心景区承载量（core areas）、重要区域（如窟前平台）承载量（key areas）、各开放洞窟承载量（individual caves）、栈道/游步道承载量（cliff paths at grotto sites），重点洞窟和栈道必须确定瞬时承载量（instantaneous carrying capacity）。
严格控制游客数量
The notice listed an array of measures to help control tourist flow, including online reservations, digital ticketing, and staggered visiting times.
通知列出了一些控制客流的措施，包括网络预约、电子票务、错峰参观等。
Management teams of grotto relics are also encouraged to create digital versions of museums, develop smart relic sites, and introduce VR services to offer better touring experience.
鼓励石窟寺景区通过建设数字博物馆、智慧景区以及虚拟体验等措施，提升游客参观游览体验。
坚持保护第一
通知要求，妥善处理保护利用与旅游开发的关系（address the relationship between conservation and use and tourism development），避免石窟寺景区过度商业化（excessive commercialization）、娱乐化。
首款轻型新冠病毒检测移动实验室交付使用
近日，由清华大学、生物芯片北京国家工程研究中心和北京博奥晶典生物技术有限公司共同自主研发的国内首款由轻型客车搭载的新冠病毒核酸检测移动实验室正式交付。
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The COVID-19 Mobile Laboratorycan analyze nucleic acid samples on the spot, allowing people to obtain results within 45 minutes.
新冠病毒核酸检测移动实验室可现场分析核酸样本，45分钟内出结果。
移动实验室搭载了口腔咽拭子采样机器人（throat swap sampling robots），由机器人完成口腔咽拭子的采样，采样样本通过快速灭活处理（virus inactivation）后直接加入芯片分析系统（automatic microfluidic chip analyzers），彻底避免了常规PCR所需的核酸提取、体系配制等反复开盖及移液操作，最大程度降低了操作人员的感染风险及样本间发生交叉污染的风险（lower the risk of virus infection）。为方便检测结果快速上报，移动实验室同时配备5G通讯系统（5G communication system）。
使用灵活、便捷
The mobile lab can provide on-site tests for 500 to 2,000 people daily and requires only two staff members and a driver for its operation.
移动实验室每天可进行500至2000人份现场检测，只需要两名工作人员和一名司机就可运转。
It realizes the point-of-care testingand is particularly useful for frontier ports, communities and villages.
该实验室可实现 即时检验，尤其可在边境口岸、社区、农村等地区使用。
奥地利将在厕纸上印制新冠纪念邮票
奥地利近日推出了世界第一款卫生纸邮票，这款用卫生纸做成的邮票是用来纪念疫情期间的恐慌性购物和封锁令。邮票上印着象宝宝的图案，提醒人们保持社交距离。
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Austria's postal service announced on October 23 it is issuing a postage stamp made from three-ply toilet paper, to commemorate one of the year's stranger phenomenona.
10月23日，奥地利邮政宣布，将发行一款由 三层厕纸制成的邮票，来纪念今年的奇怪现象之一。
Each stamp, measuring just under four inches in length, will be the size and shape of a standard sheet of toilet paper, Austria Post said Friday.
奥地利邮政上周五称，每一枚邮票长度将近4英寸（10厘米），与标准厕纸的大小和形状一样。
Customers can even use the stamps to enforce social distancing -- 10 stamps lined up next to each other measure one meter, the recommended social distance in some countries.
顾客可以用这款邮票来践行社交隔离。10枚邮票连在一起长度为1米，也就是某些国家推荐的社交距离。
与此同时，邮票上印着象宝宝的图案，奥地利用一头小象的长度来提醒民众保持一米距离。
The stamps, which can be torn off the stamp block along a perforated line just like toilet paper, come complete with a self adhesive foil, and retail at €2.75, Austria Post said in a statement.
奥地利邮政称，邮政公司将于10月30日发行30万张新冠纪念邮票，每卖出一版(block)，就会向慈善机构捐赠2.75欧元。
奥地利邮政首席执行官格奥尔格·波尔茨尔在声明中称：“我们推出这款新冠邮票，不仅是为了发行一款纪念2020年的原创邮票，也是为了支持那些在这次危机中受创最严重的人。”