当代西方文论的“伦理转向”研究

　　摘要： 20世纪70年代初以来，西方当代文论尤其是法国理论、北美批评、精神分析、创伤理论等领域迎来了一场“伦理转向”。法国理论的伦理转向深受哲学家列维纳斯的影响，他的他异性伦理学促成了结构主义向后结构主义的转变。以布斯和努斯鲍姆为代表的北美批评，则强调文学在塑造良好生活上的不可取代性。精神分析以齐泽克为代表，完成了一种结合拉康欲望伦理学和激进政治诉求的行动伦理学转向。创伤理论自20世纪80年代开始兴盛，尤为关注创伤的治疗、见证和叙述，共同体创伤的文化建构等议题。“伦理转向”既与历史现实相关，也是对于形式主义、历史虚无主义和功利主义等思潮的反拨。

　　关键词:

　　伦理转向 ,

　　法国理论 ,

　　伦理批评 ,

　　精神分析 ,

　　创伤理论

　　Abstract:  Since the early 1970s,Western contemporary literary theories,especially French theory,North American criticism,psychoanalysis,trauma theory and other fields have generated an “ethical turn”The ethical turn of French theory was deeply influenced by the philosopher Levinas,his ethics of alterity led to the transformation of structuralism to poststructuralism;the North American criticism represented by Booth and Nussbaum emphasized the irreplaceability of literature to shape a good life;the turn of psychoanalysis is represented by Zizek,completing an action ethical turn which combines Lacans desire ethics and radical political demands;trauma theory has flourished since the 1980s,with particular focus on trauma Treatment,witness and narrative of trauma,cultural construction of the trauma of the community and other issuesThe “ethical turn” is related not only to historical reality,but also to the responding to the trend of thoughts such as formalism,historical nihilism and utilitarianism

　　Key words:

　　Ethical turn ,

　　French theory ,

　　Ethical criticism ,

　　Psychoanalysis ,

　　Trauma theory