【干货】TED英文演讲：如何在六个月内学会任何一门外语

　　你知道吗，你的外语学习潜能超乎你的想象！

　　来自新西兰的语言学家 Chris Lonsdale 用他亲身实践总结出的五项核心原则和七个关键行动告诉学习者，六个月的时间足够掌握任何一门新语言！

　　各位还在为英语学习而焦虑的酒店人，希望这个分享可以对你有所帮助。

　　当然，还是要强调，道理大家都懂，最重要的还是行动！

　　五项核心原则

　　一、专注在对你有意义的学习内容上。你的兴趣决定你学习的速度。

　　二、从学习的第一天开始就把这门语言当做你真正的交流工具

　　三、"可理解性输入"才是有效的输入

　　四、训练大脑神经的条件反射

　　五、心理状态和学习效果息息相关

　　七个关键行动

　　1.多听---大量灌输

　　2.利用整体语境去理解单词

　　很多人在英语学习的道路上，一直努力，但是也没有见到成效。看过的英语学习方法千千万万，但是自己仍然停留在最最基础的单词学习中。就这样反复，逐渐失去了学习兴趣。

　　但是，请各位首先反思，你是否做到了多听，且系统的学习呢？

　　HotelEnglish聚集了拥有丰富经验的酒店资深管理人员，他们切实了解一线员工的工作痛点，并针对酒店实际场景，设置了每天5分钟，带你说、教你用、陪你练的系统课程。分部门针对性的课程，360度全方位，开启你的酒店英语。

　　

　　3.大胆地造句和运用

　　4.学习高频词汇和高频词组

　　学习英语这么多年，但我们的口语依然：关键时刻，说不出，工作场景，用不上，升职加薪，拖后腿。多少人想大喊一声，我太难了~

　　

　　其实，搞定酒店英语，就如演讲中所说，专业术语是基础，关键句子是核心，反复练习流利度是保障，当然还需要大胆的造句和使用。毕竟学一门语言是为了应用（sheng zhi jia xin）!

　　我们一直在学习英语

　　却忽略了学英语最重要的目的

　　应用，在工作场景里使用英语

　　根据“情境学习理论”（Brown, Collins，and Duguid 1989），只有在真实语言环境中学习的语言知识，才能够成为实际沟通的工具。

　　服务数万酒店行业学员后

　　HotelEnglish重磅推出

　　100天酒店英语餐饮专用术语训练营

　　以酒店餐饮工作为主线

　　达到场景化应用的目标

　　100天掌握酒店英语中基本术语与常用服务用语

　　

　　5.找人交流

　　6.观察母语者讲话的方式和表情

　　7.利用图像让大脑和外语建立联系

　　最后这3点，我相信对于酒店人，实现起来还是非常容易的，大胆的和你的同事交流，和你的客户交流。其实，就算语法错了，单词发音不标准又能怎么样？谁还不是在错误中进步的？没有什么凭空的英语思维的建立，还是需要多交流，多模仿。

　　在hotelEnglish的课程中，

　　“100天，你将”

　　1. 掌握酒店工作的服务场景片段

　　

　　......

　　2. 酒店工作的专用词汇

　　

　　

　　3. 语音测评你的发音

　　

　　反复练习确保你主动开口

　　

　　下面是这篇演讲的中英对照精选，希望可以对你们的进步有所帮助！

　　中英文对照演讲稿

　　And if you learn really fast, you probably wouldn't have to go to school at all.

　　如果你真的可以学习得特别快，你可能根本就不用去上学。

　　I saw Chinese people struggling terribly to learn English and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively?

　　中国人在为学习英文或其他语言苦苦挣扎，因此我的问题便细化到：怎样帮助一位正常的成年人更快、更容易和有效地学会第二门语言。

　　and if we can't communicate we're really going to have difficulty solving these problems.So we need to be able to speak each other's languages. This is really, really important.

　　如果我们不能沟通那我们将难以解决这些问题。因此，我们需要能够说对方的语言。这真的非常重要。

　　How: there are five principles and seven actions.There may be a few more but these are absolutely core.And before I get into those I just want to talk about two myths, dispel two myths.

　　怎么做呢？有 5个原则和 7个行动可以参考。可能有更多，但这些绝对是核心部分。进入这些点之前我想先说说两个误区并消除它们。

　　The first is that you need talent.Let me tell you about Zoe. Zoe came from Australia, went to Holland, was trying to learn Dutch, struggling a great deal and finally people were saying: 

　　误区一, 你需要有天赋。让我跟你们说说关于佐伊的事情。佐伊是澳大利亚人，她去到荷兰并尝试学习荷兰语。她非常挣扎，最后人们跟她说，

　　‘you're completely useless,' ‘you're not talented,' ‘give up,' ‘you're a waste of time' and she was very, very depressed.And then she came across these five principles, she moved to Brazil and she applied them and within six months she was fluent in Portuguese, so talent doesn't matter.

　　“没用的，”“你没有天赋，”“还是放弃吧，”“你根本就是在浪费时间。”她对此感到非常沮丧。后来，她无意中发现了这 5 个原则，去了巴西，并把这些原则应用到她学习葡萄牙语中，6 个月内，她可以说流利的葡萄牙语了。因此，天赋不重要。

　　People also think that immersion in a new country is the way to learn a language. But look around Hong Kong, look at all the westerners who've been here for ten years, who don't speak a word of Chinese.

　　人们还认为学会一门外语最好的方式就是，到说该门语言的国家去。但是看看在香港已经呆了 10 年的西方人，还是一句中文也不会说。

　　Look at all the Chinese living in America, Britain, Australia, Canada who have been there ten, twenty years and they don't speak any English.

　　Immersion per se doesn't not work, why? Because a drowning man cannot learn to swim.

　　看看那些居住在美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大 10 年、20 年的中国人，还是不会一句英文。只呆在一个新的国家本身是没有用的。为什么？因为溺水的人是学不会游泳的。

　　When you don't speak a language you're like a baby and if you drop yourself into a context which is all adults talking about stuff over your head, you won't learn. So, what are the five principles that you need to pay attention to; 

　　当你不能说那种语言，你就像一个婴儿，如果你进入一个环境，那里全部都是成年人在叽叽呱呱的说一些你完全听不明白的话，你还是学不会。那么你需要注意的那 5 个原则是什么呢？

　　First: there are four words, attention, meaning, relevance and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. Especially when you're talking about learning.Come with me on a journey through a forest.

　　首先，有四个词，注意力、含义、关联和记忆。这些在很多非常重要的方面是相互连接的，特别在你谈论学习时。请跟随我来一趟森林之旅。

　　You go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this.Little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you don't.

　　你穿越森林，然后你看到一个像这样的东西。你可能注意到树上的这些小标志，可能没有。

　　You go another fifty metres and you see this.You should be paying attention.Another fifty metres, if you haven't been paying attention, you see this.And at this point, you're paying attention. 

　　然后你继续向前走 50 米，你看到了这个。你应该要注意了。再 50 米，如果你还没注意的话，你会看到这个。当看到这个的时候，你就要注意了。

　　And you've just learned that this is important, it's relevant because it means this, and anything that is related, any information related to your survival is stuff that you're going to pay attention to and therefore you're going to remember it.

　　你刚刚学习到了这个是重要的，它与你有重要关系，因为它代表这个。任何有关联的东西，任何有关你生存的信息都是值得你注意的，而你给注意力的就会记住的。

　　If it's related to your personal goals then you're going to pay attention to it, if it's relevant you're going to remember it. So, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you.

　　如果它关于你个人目标的，那么你就会注意到它，如果它与你是有关联的，你就会记住它。因此，学习一门语言的第一个原则就是, 注意那些与你息息相关的语言内容上。

　　Because we have filters in our brain that filter in the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out the sounds of languages we're not. And if you can't hear it, you won't understand it and if you can't understand it, you're not going to learn it.  

　　因为在我们大脑里有一些过滤器会帮助我们过滤熟悉的语言声音进入脑子里，而把不熟悉的语言声音过滤出去。如果你听不到，你不会明白；你听不明白，你将不能学会它。

　　So you actually have to be able to hear these sounds.And there are ways to do that but it's physiological training. Speaking takes muscle. You've got forty-three muscles in your face, you have to coordinate those in a way that you make sounds that other people will understand.

　　因此，你必须能够听到这些声音。这里有一些方法来做到，但这些是生理上的训练。说话需要用到肌肉。在你的脸上有 43 块肌肉，你必须协调好这些肌肉来发声，让别人明白你的话。

　　And the final principle is state. Psycho-physiological state. If you're sad, angry, worried, upset, you're not going to learn. Period. If you're happy, relaxed, in an Alpha brain state, curious, you're going to learn really quickly, and very specifically you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. 

　　最后一个原则是状态。心理生理的状态。如果你伤心、生气、担心、沮丧，你将不能学会。绝对是这样。如果你是在一个开心、放松、好奇的大脑状态下，你将很快学会，而且需要明确的一点是，你需要忍受歧义。

　　If you're one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word you're hearing, you will go nuts, because you'll be incredibly upset all the time, because you're not perfect. 

　　如果你是那种在听的时候需要百分百听明白别人在说的每一个词的人之一，你会因为你无时无刻（的）沮丧感和你的不完美而发疯了。

　　If you're comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you're going to be fine, you'll be relaxed and you'll be learning quickly.

　　如果你对听明白一些、听不明白一些而感到舒服，并把注意力放在你明白的部分，你将会学好，而且你的状态越轻松，你将学得越快。

　　So based on those five principles, what are the seven actions that you need to take。Number one: listen a lot. I call it brain soaking。

　　那么在这 5 个原则上，你还需要哪 7 个行动呢？第一，多听。我把它叫做泡脑子。

　　You put yourself in a context where you're hearing tons and tons and tons of a language and it doesn't matter if you understand it or not。You're listening to the rhythm ,you're listening to the patterns that repeat, you're listening to things that stand out。So, just soak your brain in this.

　　你把自己置放在听很多很多语言的环境当中，听得明白与否无关重要。在听的时候，你是在听它的节奏、听它重复的模式、听凸出来的词语。像这个泡泡你的脑子。

　　The second action: is that you get the meaning first, even before you get the words. You go “Well how do I do that?”， I don't know the words. Well, you understand what these different postures mean. Human communication is body language in many, many ways, so much body language. 

　　第二个行动是，在获取单词之前先获取它的意思。你可能在想，这个我怎么知道的呢？我不知道那些单词！但你可以理解那些不同手势代表的含义。身体语言占领人类交流的一大部分。

　　From body language you can understand a lot of communication, therefore, you're understanding, you're acquiring through comprehensible input.And you can also use patterns that you already know. 

　　从身体语言，你可以理解很多对话内容，因此，你通过可明白输入理解、获取它的含义。你还可以利用你已经知道的模式。

　　The third action: start mixing. You probably have never thought of this but if you've got ten verbs, ten nouns and ten adjectives you can say one thousand different things. Language is a creative process. What do babies do? 

　　第三个行动：开始混合。你可能之前没有想过这个，但如果你有10个动词，10个名词和 10个形容词，你可以说一千句不同的话。语言是创造的过程。孩子是怎么做的呢？

　　Okay: me, bat(h)，now，okay, that's how they communicate.So start mixing, get creative, have fun with it, it doesn't have to be perfect it just has to work. 

　　我，澡澡，现在......这就是他们说话的方式。所以现在开始混合、创造并从中获得趣味。你不需要做到完美，你能沟通就好。

　　And when you're doing this you focus on the core. What does that mean? Well any language has high frequency content. 

　　而且当你这样做的时候，你把注意力放在核心上。任何语言都有它的高频内容。

　　In English 1000 words covers 85% of anything you're ever going to say in daily communication. 3000 words give you 98% of anything you're going to say in daily conversation. 

　　英语有1000个高频词覆盖你85%的日常交流。而3000个高频词将覆盖98%的日常交流。

　　You got 3000 words, you're speaking the language. The rest is icing on the cake.

　　你有 3000个高频词，你将可以说一门外语。剩余的是锦上添花。

　　And when you're just beginning with a new language start with the tool box. Week number one in your new language you say things like: ‘how do you say that?' ‘I don't understand,'

　　‘repeat that please,' ‘what does that mean,' all in your target language.

　　当你开始学习一门外语，从工具箱开始。第一周，你会用新语言说一些像这样的话“那个你怎么说？”“我不明白，”“请重复，”“那是什么意思”全都用你的目标语言。

　　You're using it as a tool, making it useful to you, it's relevant to learn other things about the language. It's by week two that you should be saying things like: 

　　你把它当做工具来用，并且利用好它，这对学习该门语言的其他东西是有重大关系的。第二周，你应该会说一些像：

　　‘me,' ‘this,' ‘you,' ‘that,' ‘give,' you know, ‘hot,' simple pronouns, simple nouns, simple verbs, simple adjectives, communicating like a baby.

　　“我”、“这个”、“你”、“那个”、“给”、“热”，像个孩子一样用这些简单的代词、名词、动词、形容词来沟通。

　　And by the third or fourth week, you're getting into what I call glue words. ‘Although,' ‘but,' ‘therefore,' these are logical transformers that tie bits of a language together, allowing you to make more complex meaning。At that point you're talking。

　　然后第三或第四周，你会进入我称为“胶水词”的这部分。“虽然”、“但是”、“因此”，这些逻辑工具帮助你把语言的小块紧密地结合在一起，让你制造更多复杂的意思。在那个阶段，你已经进入说话的阶段了！

　　The sixth thing you have to do, is copy the face. You've got to get the muscles working right, so you can sound in a way that people will understand you. There's a couple of things you do.  

　　第六件事你需要做的就是，模仿面部表情。 你需要把肌肉部位用得准确，别人才可以听明白你发出的声音。达到此目的，你需要做几件事情。

　　One is that you hear how it feels, and feel how it sounds which means you have a feedback loop operating in your face, but ideally if you can look at a native speaker and just observe how they use their face, 

　　第一，听它是什么感觉的并感觉它是怎样发出声音的，从你的脸上获得反馈。如果条件理想的话，你可以看着母语者并观察他们的面部，

　　let your unconscious mind absorb the rules, then you're going to be able to pick it up. And if you can't get a native speaker to look at, you can use stuff like this: [slides].

　　让你下意识地吸收这些规则，然后你将能够获取到它。如果你没有母语者可以看着学习的话，你可以用像这样的东西。

　　And the final idea here, the final action you need to take is something that I call “direct connect.” What does this mean? Well most people learning a second language sort of take the mother tongue words 

　　最后一个行动是, 你需要“直接联系”。什么意思呢？大多数人学习外语几乎都是用母语的单词对照目标语言，

　　and take the target words and go over them again and again in their mind to try and remember them. Really inefficient.

　　反复地在心中念并尝试记住它们。这样做效率真的很低。你需要做的是意识到你所知道的事情在你的脑海里都有一个画面和感觉。

　　So, there are five principles that you need to work with, seven actions, if you do any of them, you're going to improve。

　　因此，你需要运用的那 5 个原则和 7 个行动，如果你运用其中任何一个，都将得到进步。

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