外刊听读｜非洲希望更多文物回归

　　

　　African countries have reclaimed many historic objects, called artifacts, from European countries.

　　非洲国家已经从欧洲国家要回许多历史文物。

　　Recently, Nigeria and Germany signed a deal for the return of hundreds of artifacts known as the Benin Bronzes.

　　最近，尼日利亚和德国签署了一项协议，该协议要求德国归还数百件被称为贝宁青铜器的文物。

　　The deal followed French President Emmanuel Macron's decision last year to sign over 26 pieces known as the Abomey Treasures.

　　在该协议签署之前，法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙去年决定签署一份协议，同意归还26件被称为“阿波美珍宝”的文物。

　　Those are valuable artworks from the 19th century Dahomey kingdom in present-day Benin.

　　这些都是19世纪达荷美王国的珍贵艺术品，达荷美王国位于如今的贝宁。

　　But many artifacts are still missing and some countries have also been resistant to returning them.

　　但许多文物仍然下落不明，一些国家也拒绝归还它们。

　　One such object is an eight-legged seat from the old kingdom in Uganda.

　　其中一件物品是来自乌干达古王国的一把八条腿的座椅。

　　The important artifact now sits at a museum thousands of kilometers away in Britain.

　　这件重要文物现陈列在数千公里外英国的一家博物馆里。

　　The wooden seat is housed at the University of Oxford.

　　这把木质座椅被收藏在牛津大学。

　　It is one of at least 279 objects there taken from the Bunyoro-Kitara kingdom during colonial times.

　　殖民时期从布尼奥罗-基塔拉王国掠走的物品至少有279件，这把木制座椅就是其中之一。

　　Oxford has fought off attempts to have the artifact taken back to Uganda, saying it was donated to the university.

　　牛津大学拒绝了将这件文物归还乌干达的企图，称它是捐赠给该大学的。

　　Apollo John Rwamparo is a deputy prime minister of Uganda.

　　阿波罗·约翰·卢安帕罗是乌干达副总理。

　　He urged the British to do "like the French and the Germans have done and return the artifacts."

　　他敦促英国“像法国和德国那样归还文物”。

　　Uganda officials are preparing to meet in November with the University of Cambridge in Britain.

　　乌干达官员准备在11月与英国剑桥大学会面。

　　The school has an unknown number of artifacts from Africa.

　　这所学校藏有的非洲文物数量不详。

　　It recently returned a bronze cockerel to Nigeria.

　　它最近将一尊青铜公鸡归还尼日利亚。

　　But London's British Museum has been hard to negotiate with, said Rose Mwanja Nkaale.

　　但罗斯·姆万加·恩卡莱说，一直很难与伦敦的大英博物馆进行谈判。

　　She is Uganda's commissioner for museums and monuments.

　　她是乌干达博物馆和纪念碑专员。

　　"We can start with those that are willing to cooperate.

　　“我们可以从那些愿意合作的人开始。

　　It is not useful to fight these people."

　　与这些人抗争是没有用的。”

　　The British Museum holds a large collection from across Africa.

　　大英博物馆收藏了来自非洲各地的大量藏品。

　　It is protected by a 1963 law preventing the museum from returning artifacts unless the objects are considered unfit or useless.

　　它受到1963年一项法律的保护，该法律禁止博物馆归还文物，除非这些文物被认为不合适或无用。

　　Some African officials believe that law is increasingly weak as other nations have been more open to returning them.

　　一些非洲官员认为，随着其他国家对归还文物持更开放的态度，那项法律的效力会越来越弱。

　　Abba Isa Tijani is director-general of Nigeria's National Commission for Museums and Monuments.

　　阿巴·伊萨·蒂贾尼是尼日利亚国家博物馆和古迹委员会主任。

　　He said Nigeria is pressuring Britain and other countries to change the laws permitting the return of disputed collections.

　　他说，尼日利亚正在向英国和其他国家施压，要求其修改允许归还有争议藏品的法律。

　　But he expressed concern that while some countries are starting to open up, in Britain such efforts "have not even started."

　　但他担心，尽管一些国家开始为归还文物提供了可能性，但在英国，这样的努力“甚至还没有开始”。

　　Many of the artifacts from Africa cannot even be found.

　　许多来自非洲的文物甚至都找不到。

　　That led to an organization started by late Congolese art collector Sindika Dokolo.

　　这产生了一个由已故刚果艺术品收藏家辛迪卡·多科洛创立的组织。

　　It offers to buy stolen African art from collections in foreign countries.

　　它从国外的收藏品中购买被盗的非洲艺术品。

　　By 2020, when Dokolo died, his group had successfully recovered 15 items.

　　到2020年，多科洛去世时，他的组织已经成功找回了15件物品。

　　However, recovery of artifacts remains a struggle for African governments.

　　然而，对非洲各国政府来说，找回文物仍然是一件难事。

　　And the African Union has put the return of stolen cultural property up for discussion.

　　非洲联盟已经将归还被盗文化财产的问题提交讨论。

　　The union aims to soon have a common policy on the issue.

　　非洲联盟的目标是在这个问题上尽快达成一个共同的政策。

　　Zimbabwe has pushed for the return of about 3,000 artifacts from Britain.

　　津巴布韦一直在争取让英国归还约3000件文物。

　　They include weapons as well as the skulls of fighters who fought against colonialism.

　　其中包括武器以及与殖民主义作斗争的战士的头颅。

　　Their heads were cut off and shipped away as war prizes.

　　他们的头颅被砍下，作为战利品被运走。

　　Talks between British and Zimbabwean officials have produced no big agreement.

　　英国和津巴布韦官员之间的谈判没有达成重大协议。

　　But the issue is so important for Zimbabwe that President Emmerson Mnangagwa last year suggested an exchange.

　　但这个问题对津巴布韦非常重要，以至于总统埃默森·姆南加格瓦去年建议进行交换。

　　Zimbabwe would return the remains of colonialist Cecil Rhodes, who is buried in the country.

　　津巴布韦将归还埋葬在该国的殖民主义者塞西尔·罗兹的遗骸。

　　In return, Zimbabwe would receive the remains of the fighters.

　　作为回报，津巴布韦将得到战士的遗骸。

　　Rwanda recently made an agreement with its former colonial occupier, Belgium.

　　卢旺达最近与其前殖民占领者比利时达成了一项协议。

　　The deal included the sharing of digital copies of over 4,000 songs and other recordings kept at the Royal Museum for Central Africa outside Brussels.

　　该协议包括共享保存在布鲁塞尔郊外的中非皇家博物馆的4000多首歌曲等录音的数字副本。

　　But the location of the remains of one of Rwanda's last kings, Yuhi Musinga, is a serious issue in the East African country.

　　但卢旺达最后一位君主尤希·穆辛加的遗体的位置是这个东非国家的一个严重的问题。

　　Many Rwandans believe the body of Musinga, who resisted the Belgians and died in Congo, was sent to Belgium.

　　许多卢旺达人认为，抵抗比利时人并死于刚果的穆辛加的尸体被送到了比利时。

　　Antoine Nyagahene is a professor of history at Rwanda's Gitwe University.

　　安托万·尼亚加海尼是卢旺达基特维大学的历史学教授。

　　He said there should be some justice in that case.

　　他说，在那起案件中应该有一些公正。

　　"We were robbed of our cultural values and, as you know, a people without roots are a people without a soul," he said.

　　“我们的文化价值被剥夺了，正如你所知道的，一个没有根基的民族就是一个没有灵魂的民族，”他说。

　　I'm Dan Novak.

　　丹·诺瓦克为您播报。