Weekly Buzzwords | 热热热热热浪来袭,如何优雅应对“烤”验?
今
日
热
词
热浪
Heat wave
烈日炎炎,今年的夏天似乎格外漫长。七月,江苏省气象台发布多次高温预警。迈入八月,新一轮“炭烤”模式在江苏“续费成功”。
8月4日,江苏省气象台发布天气预测,受副热带高压控制,未来十天以持续晴热高温天气为主,大部分地区降雨明显偏少。预计沿江和苏南地区最高气温为37-40℃,其他地区将达到35-38℃。
小动物也要“清凉一夏”
烈日炎炎,世界各地的动物园采取了一系列措施,帮助小动物们有效消暑。
在南京市红山森林动物园,应对极端高温天气,饲养员给动物们准备了新鲜美味的纯手工冰棍,安排了清凉淋浴和空调设施。
据美国有线电视新闻网报道,
在美国的动物园,frozen bug popsicles (冰冻食物), mud showers (淋浴) and long pool days (长长的游泳日) 是最基础的方法。
A grizzly bear enjoys a “treatsicle” filled with applesauce, mulberry branches, carrots, and fruits.
一只灰熊正在享用装满苹果酱、桑树枝、胡萝卜和水果的“棒冰”。
Swamp monkeys are usually offered yogurt popsicles on hot days and bison are hosed off, while vultures take cold baths. In Houston, Texas, where temperatures reached the triple digits in the last week, it's buckets of ice and frozen treats for the sea lions and goats at the Houston Zoo and cool showers for the tortoises.
天热时,通常会给沼泽猴子吃酸奶冰棍,野牛会被冲洗干净,秃鹫则会洗冷水澡。在德克萨斯州的休斯顿,上周的气温达到了三位数(华氏度),休斯顿动物园的海狮和山羊可以享用冰桶和冷冻食品,乌龟可以享受凉爽的淋浴。
A?river otter eats a ice block with fish.
一只水獭正在吃一块装了鱼的冰块。
此外,动物园的饲养员们也贴心地给动物们日常活动设施换上了“清凉的装扮”。
据美国有线电视新闻网报道,
There are cooling logs and caves for snow leopards and dipping streams for Amur tigers, said Jeff Tolman, a spokesperson for the park. The zoo has also created shade structures and misting bars for rhinos, ice blocks for its grizzly bears.
在克利夫兰大都会公园动物园,有供雪豹使用的冰凉的圆木和洞穴,还有供东北虎使用的溪流。动物园还为犀牛建造了遮阳结构和喷雾栅栏,为灰熊建造了冰块。
Hank the Asian elephant cools down in water.
亚洲象汉克在水雾中降温。
世界性难题
今年夏天,全球多地都遭遇了持续高温的侵袭,极端高温俨然已成为令世界多国都头疼不已的难题。美国有线电视新闻网记者在靠近北极地区的格陵兰岛周边,穿着清凉的短袖T恤进行报道。7月15日-17日,格陵兰岛每天冰川融化流失的冰量多达60亿吨。
这场持久的烈日炙烤席卷全球,西海岸的欧洲多国和美国也没能逃过一劫。
People dip their feet in the fountain at Trafalgar Squqre.
在伦敦特拉法加广场,人们吃着冰饮、把脚浸泡在喷泉池里纳凉。
据央视财经报道,7月以来,西班牙部分地区白天最高气温达到了45℃。在希腊,连续多日最高气温超过40℃,持续的高温天气令不少专程来这里避暑的游客傻了眼。
据美国有线电视新闻网报道,
The British government issued its?first-ever red level extreme heat warning?for several parts of England, including the capital, London.
今年7月,英国政府首次对包括首都伦敦在内的英格兰部分地区发布了极端高温红色预警。
As temperatures soared, the country’s infrastructure buckled. Train tracks bent out of shape; an airport runway melted; London’s fire brigade declared a “major incident” as a number of fires broke out, in what the service said was its busiest days since World War II.
随着气温的飙升,英国基础设施遭到破坏。火车铁轨弯曲变形,机场跑道也融化了,多起火灾发生,伦敦消防局宣布发生了“重大事故”,消防局称这是二战以来最繁忙的日子。
More than 30 million people in the US were under various heat alerts early Thursday. “Temperatures in some places still running over 20 degrees above average. This heat could break records in the Pacific Northwest,”?CNN meteorologist Robert Shackelford said.
在美国,超过3000万人接收到各种高温警报。“一些地方的气温仍比平均水平高出20多摄氏度。这种高温可能会打破太平洋西北部地区的记录。”美国有线电视新闻网气象学家罗伯特·沙克尔福德说。
这一相对罕见的极端高温给当地民众生活带来了影响,引起了不小的混乱。
Oregon recorded 32 heat-related illness visits Monday throughout the state -- compared with the usual range of 3 to 5 daily, according to Jonathan Modie, lead communications officer for the Oregon Health Authority's Public Health Division.
俄勒冈州卫生局公共卫生司首席通讯官乔纳森·莫迪亚表示,周一全州有32例与高温有关的新就诊病例,而通常每天的就诊人数为3至5人。
A firefighter battles a blaze in the suburb of Pallini, east of Athens, Greece, on July 20.
7月20日,在希腊雅典东部帕利尼郊区,一名消防员正在扑灭大火。
欧洲人为什么不爱装空调?
酷暑时节,空调已是各家各户离不开的解暑必备神器。然而,面对极端高温,不少欧洲民众因没有空调的庇护而叫苦不迭。
空调在欧洲确实不太常见。据美国有线电视新闻网报道,
In Europe, according to one industry estimate, just 20% of homes have AC units. In the United Kingdom, which this week suffered through its highest recorded temperature, it’s less than 5%. In Germany, it’s only about 3%.
在欧洲,根据行业估计,只有20%的家庭拥有空调。在英国,不到5%。在德国,这一比例仅为3%。
一直以来,欧洲人似乎对空调有着不太一样的看法,美国有线电视新闻网曾描述过欧洲人的这一"prejudice"(偏见):耗能高、不健康、有噪音。
“... so wasteful in its high energy usage, unhealthy with the frosty temperatures in mid-summer and annoying given the incessant buzz of the window units!?”
“空调耗能高很浪费;室内室外冰火两重天对身体健康很不好;空调运作时发出的嗡嗡声没完没了很烦人。”
因为其昂贵的花费,不少欧洲人视空调为奢侈品。
Electricity costs?more in Europe, with prices in Germany and Denmark more than twice as high as in the U.S, making air conditioning less affordable.
欧洲的电力成本更高,德国和丹麦的电价是美国的两倍多,这使得很多人很难负担得起空调。
同时,欧洲的气候也是很重要的原因之一。
The average July high in London is 75 F, which is 10 degrees cooler than the average July high in New York.?Heat is rare enough in Germany that temperatures of 79 F prompt school and business closings, and nighttime temperatures above 68 F are called “tropical night.”
伦敦七月的平均最高温度是75华氏度(约23℃)。在德国,高温非常罕见,79华氏度(约26℃)会让学校和企业关闭,温度超过68华氏度(约20℃)的夜晚被称作“热带夜”。
When temperatures are cooler on average, air conditioning is less necessary. It doesn’t make much sense for most buildings to have air conditioning if it wouldn’t be used much.
当平均气温常年保持较低时,空调就显得没那么必要了。如果不经常使用空调,对大多数建筑来说,安装空调没有多大意义。
多国高温敲响气候变化警钟
今年这场席卷全球的热浪已持续多日。专家指出,碳排放是近年来极端天气愈发频繁的原因。
据英国《卫报》报道,
“It’s a worrying finding that suggests that if carbon emissions are not rapidly cut, the consequences of climate change on extreme heat in Europe, which already is extremely deadly, could be even worse than we previously thought.” said Friederike Otto from the Grantham Institute for Climate Change at Imperial College London, leader of the WWA project.
伦敦帝国理工学院格兰瑟姆气候变化研究所、WWA(世界气候归因组织)的负责人弗里德里克·奥托说:“气候变化对欧洲极端高温的影响现在已经很致命了,如果不迅速削减碳排放,未来的影响可能比我们之前想象的更严重。”
据美国有线电视新闻网报道,
Peter Stott, a science fellow in climate attribution with the UK’s Met Office said “Only by curtailing greenhouse gas emissions can we reduce the risks of such extremes becoming more and more frequent."
英国气象局气候归因科学研究员彼得·斯托特说:“只有减少温室气体排放,我们才能降低这种极端事件越来越频繁发生的风险。”