《经济学人》双语:世界上最高的重型木材建筑有多少层?

  原文标题:Mass timberSeeing the wood for the treesA new sustainable building material may help revitalise forests重型木结构见木如见林一种新型可持续使用的建筑材料可能会有助于拯救森林 Mass timber offers new hope for an old industry in the American West

  重型木结构为美国西部的旧工业带来了新希望

  [Paragraph 1] America’s pacific northwest was largely built on timber.美国的太平洋西北部地区大多是靠木材起家的。 But the industry lost an estimated $1.8bn in 2020, so once-bustling towns are scrambling to find alternative sources of income.但据估计,该行业在2020年损失了18亿美元,因此,曾经繁华的城镇如今正争相寻找其他收入来源。 Some are pinning their hopes on what can be a more sustainable use of the material: “mass timber”, small sections of wood held together with resin or a similar binder.一些人把希望寄托于更加可以持续使用的 “重型木材”上,即用树脂或类似的粘合剂将小块的木材固定在一起。

  

  [Paragraph 2]Big logging firms have pushed the small ones out of timber towns.大型伐木公司已经将小型公司排挤出了制造木材的镇子。 Poorly managed wildfires have ruined trees that might have been used for products.管理不善的野火毁了原本可以用于制造产品的树木。 And green groups have raised the alarm about over-harvesting.环保组织已经对过度采伐发出了警告。 Can mass timber—strong, light and fire-resistant—give the sector a boost?坚固,轻便又防火的“重型木材”能否为这个行业打一剂强心针? [Paragraph 3]Since its invention in Austria in the 1990s, mass timber has been used extensively in Europe.

  20世纪90年代奥地利发明了重型木材,从那时候开始,重型木材就在欧洲广泛使用。

  But it has only recently caught on in America: 1,500 mass-timber structures have been built or planned since 2015 (when the country’s national building code approved the material), up from the 23 that existed in 2013.但直到最近重型木材才在美国流行起来:相比2013年的23座,自2015年以来(当时美国国家建筑法规批准了这种材料),美国已经建成或计划建成了1500座重型木材结构建筑。 In July a 25-storey block in Milwaukee was certified as the world’s tallest mass-timber building.7月,密尔沃基一座25层的建筑被认证为世界上最高的重型木材建筑。 [Paragraph 4]Such buildings are much greener to erect than those made from energy-intensive steel and concrete.相比那些使用了高耗能量的钢和混凝土的建筑,这种建筑更为环保。 Mass timber is made from new-growth trees, which are usually the result of plantings and more quickly reach their age of use.重型木材由新长成的树木制成,这些树木通常是由种植而来,并能更快地达到使用年龄。 It helps keep “working forests working”, says Marcus Kauffman of the Oregon Department of Forestry.俄勒冈州林业部的马库斯·考夫曼说,这有助于使“正常运转的森林继续运转”。 Mass-timber projects are the main beneficiaries of $32m earmarked for wood-related innovations and grants in President Joe Biden’s infrastructure bill.在拜登总统的基础设施法案中,专项拨款3200万美元用于与木材相关的创新,而重型木材则是这其中的主要受益项目。 [Paragraph 5]Sustainability is a big part of the appeal.可持续性是重型木材吸引力的一大体现。 Forests are made more resilient by cutting small trees and brush that do not have market value, says Mr Kauffman.考夫曼说,通过砍伐没有市场价值的小树和灌木,森林会变得更有韧性。 Yet mass-timber’s suitability for affordable housing and rapidly deployable shelters means the sector can expect robust demand, he says.不过,他说这种木材适用于经济适用房和快速部署庇护所,这意味着该行业有望迎来大量的需求。 In 2020 Oregon said the mass-timber industry presented “unique opportunities” for high-wage jobs and “statewide prosperity”.2020年,俄勒冈州表示,重型木材行业为高薪工作和“全州繁荣”提供了“独特的机会”。 [Paragraph 6]Environmentalists, including Laurie Wayburn of the Pacific Forest Trust, a conservation group, worry that a booming sector may eventually do more to degrade forests than protect them.包括太平洋森林信托(一个环保组织)的劳里·威伯恩在内的环保主义者担心,这个行业的蓬勃发展并非会保护森林,而是最终可能会使森林退化。 But for now, Ms Wayburn too thinks mass timber holds “a lot of promise”. 但就目前而言,威伯恩也认为重型木材将“带来希望”。 The material strikes her as “a great blending of commerce and commodities and conservation”.在她看来,这种材料是“商业、商品和环保的完美结合”。 (恭喜读完,本篇英语词汇量约394左右)原文出自:2022年8月13日《The Economist》United States版块。

  精读笔记来源于:自由英语之路

  本文翻译整理: Fei Min

  本文编辑校对: Irene仅供个人英语学习交流使用。

  【补充资料】(来自于网络)

  重型木结构Mass timber : 这是一个比较新的概念,基本上是指利用小尺寸规格木材通过胶合,加压,机械加固来形成更大尺寸板式构件的工程木产品的总成。和传统轻型木结构主要采用2x4,2x6木材来形成框架体系不同,更多的是运用板式的工程木组件例如NLT,CLT,并利用特殊设计的复杂金属连接件和精细的数控加工预制来形成的板柱或梁柱结构建筑。有耐久 、抗震 、节能 、健康 等优点。 密尔沃基城位于美国威斯康星州东南部,密歇根湖西岸,是威斯康星最大的城市和经济中心和湖港。市区面积249平方公里,人口62.8万(1990),其中15%是德国移民后裔,黑人占1/4。大市区包括4个县,面积3856平方公里,人口占全州人口的1/4以上。地处滨湖陡岸,海拔193.5米。密尔沃基市四季气候温和,生活舒适,被誉为“湖边一个美丽的地方”。1月平均气温-7℃,7月21℃,年降水量740毫米。

  【重点句子】(3个)

  Can mass timber—strong, light and fire-resistant—give the sector a boost?坚固,轻便又防火的“重型木材”能否为这个行业打一剂强心针?Such buildings are much greener to erect than those made from energy-intensive steel and concrete.相比那些使用了高耗能的钢和混凝土的建筑,这种建筑更为环保。The material strikes her as “a great blending of commerce and commodities and conservation”.在她看来,这种材料是“商业、商品和环保的完美结合”。

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