“她那么爱笑,为什么还会得抑郁症?”

  7月5日晚,歌手李玟的家人通过社交媒体宣布,李玟于7月2日在家中轻生,送院后一直昏迷,最终于7月5日离世。家人表示,李玟于数年前患上抑郁症,与病魔经过了长时间斗争,可惜近日病情急转直下。

  

  李玟离世的消息令不少网友痛心,也有人感到震惊。在大众印象中,李玟总是呈现出阳光、乐观的形象,有网友疑惑:为什么看起来阳光开朗的人,也会得抑郁症?这其实是很多人对抑郁症的误解。

  什么是阳光型抑郁症?

  大部分的人对抑郁症存在刻板印象,觉得患者都是闷闷不乐、对生活毫无兴趣的人。但你想象很多看起来很快乐的人,每天都在与抑郁的想法作斗争吗?

  并不是每个人都以同样的方式经历抑郁症。一些看起来生活非常有秩序的人似乎更不可能如此。似乎不可能有人微笑、爽朗、正常工作,但同时又抑郁。

  How many people do you imagine look happy, but struggle with depressive thoughts on a daily basis? Not everyone experiences depression in the same way. Some might not even realize that they are depressed, especially if they seem like they're managing their day-to-day life. It doesn’t seem possible that someone can be smiling, chipper, functioning, and at the same time depressed.

  

  图源:视觉中国

  部分抑郁症患者患有“阳光型抑郁症”(smiling depression),也称“微笑抑郁症”。简单地说,这是一种隐藏的抑郁症。其定义为在别人面前表现得很开心,表面在笑,内心却患有抑郁症状。微笑抑郁症通常不会被发现,患者往往不重视自己的感受,将其放在一边。由于害怕被认为“软弱”,他们甚至可能自己都没有意识到患病,或不想承认。

  Simply put, "smiling depression" is depression disguised. The definition of smiling depression is: appearing happy to others, literally smiling, while internally suffering from depressive symptoms. Smiling depression often goes undetected. Those suffering from it often discount their own feelings and brush them aside. They might not even be aware of their depression or want to acknowledge their symptoms due to a fear of being considered "weak".

  

  图源:视觉中国

  这类人群把抑郁的一面掩饰起来,戴着微笑的面具,让人以为自己生活愉快,导致抑郁症状很难被发现,因而难以及时得到外界帮助,进而更易陷入孤立无援的境地。

  抑郁症应当如何识别?

  对抑郁症的一种常见的误解是:抑郁症只是忧郁,不是真的疾病。

  实际上,抑郁症是一种全球常见病。根据世卫组织 (WHO)今年3月发布的数据,据估 计,3.8%的全球人口受此影响,其中5.0%的成年人和5.7%的60岁以上成年人患有抑郁症。世界上大约有2.8亿人患有抑郁症。

  Depression is a common illness worldwide, with an estimated 3.8 percent of the population affected, including 5.0 percent among adults and 5.7 percent among adults older than 60 years. Approximately 280 million people in the world have depression.

  

  图源:视觉中国

  抑郁症患者的脑部扫描能显示出疾病的生物学证据。在神经间传输信号的关键大脑化学元素也表现出失衡的状态。患有临床抑郁的人并不是懒惰或自怨自艾。他们也无法用“意志”赶走抑郁。和其他疾病一样,抑郁症通过正确的治疗,可以得到缓解。

  Depression is a serious medical condition. Biological evidence of the illness can be seen in brain scans. Key brain chemicals that carry signals between nerves also appear to be out of balance in depressed people. People who have clinical depression are not lazy or simply feeling sorry for themselves. Nor can they "will" depression to go away. Like other illnesses, it usually improves with appropriate treatment.

  下图是抑郁症患者和非抑郁症患者的脑部活动的对比。

  

  抑郁发作的核心症状有3条:

  1、显著持久的情绪低落,持续至少2周,典型病例有晨重夜轻节律改变的特点;

  2、兴趣减退,即使从事平日感兴趣的活动也缺乏愉快感;

  3、精力缺乏或疲劳感明显。

  抑郁发作的附加症状也有7条:

  集中注意和注意的能力降低;

  自我评价和自信降低;

  自罪观念和无价值感;

  认为前途暗淡悲观;

  自伤或自杀的观念或行为;

  睡眠障碍;

  食欲下降。

  

  图源:视觉中国

  如果这些症状持续存在2周以上,就要警惕患有抑郁症的可能。

  Depression is a disease often characterized by periods of persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities one normally enjoys. Symptoms range from energy loss and a change of appetite, to anxiety or feelings of worthlessness. But, most worryingly, severe depression can lead to thoughts of self-harm or suicide.

  抑郁症患者应如何自救?

  首先,要寻求专业的治疗。

  其次,可以从生活的点点滴滴中做很多事情去与黑暗抗争,一点点缓解你的病况。

  不要心急,按部就班地做以下几点,你会好起来的:

  ▌向他人寻求帮助

  Reach out to other people

  Isolation fuels depression. The simple act of talking to someone face to face about how you feel can be an enormous help.

  孤独会助长抑郁。与他人面对面说说你的感觉会为你带来很大的帮助。

  He or she just needs to be a good listener—someone who'll listen attentively without being distracted or judging you.

  你只需要一个好的倾听者,一个会认真听你倾诉而不会走神或评判你的人。

  ▌动起来Get moving

  When you're depressed, just getting out of bed can seem daunting.

  抑郁的时候,下床是件很艰巨的事。

  But regular exercise can be as effective as antidepressant medication. Take a short walk or put some music on and dance around. Start with small activities and build up from there.

  但是规律的运动会像抗抑郁药一样管用。走一走或者放点音乐跳跳舞,尝试这些小活动就是一个良好的开端。

  

  图源:视觉中国

  ▌制定改善心情的食谱

  Eat a mood-boosting diet

  Reduce your intake of foods that can adversely affect your mood, such as caffeine, alcohol, trans fats, sugar, and refined carbs. And increase mood-enhancing nutrients such as Omega-3 fatty acids.

  减少摄入那些对心情有不利影响的食物,如咖啡因、酒精、转脂肪食品、糖还有精制碳水化合物。多吃一些ω-3脂肪酸食物(植物产品、鱼类等)。

  ▌努力重新融入这个世界

  Find ways to engage again with the world

  Spend some time in nature, care for a pet, volunteer, pick up a hobby you used to enjoy (or take up a new one). You won’t feel like it at first, but as you participate in the world again, you will start to feel better.

  走近自然,养养宠物,做志愿者,重拾过去的爱好(或者培养一个新的)。开始可能毫无兴趣,可是当你一点点地融入世界,你的感觉会慢慢好起来。

  如何帮助抑郁症患者?

  ?和他们交谈,支持他们

  ?鼓励他们寻求专业帮助

  ?在日常生活中予以帮助

  

  图源:世界卫生组织

  ?鼓励他们规律饮食、作息、健身

  ?引导他们往积极的方面思考

  ?有耐心,恢复需要时间

  

  图源:世界卫生组织

  双语君希望大家能正确认识抑郁症,为抑郁症正名,不要将其污名化。如果你正经历抑郁,请多晒晒太阳、看看花,去努力感受生活中的小小幸福。如果你身边有正在经历抑郁的朋友,请别忘了给他们一个暖心的拥抱。

  一定会有一束光,透过阴霾,照在你的心上。或许,你也是别人的那束光。

  编辑:朱迪齐 陈月华

  实习生:谭馨???

  来源:央视新闻 中国青年报 Psychology Today 世界卫生组织