《2008年考研英语词句篇高效阅读120篇》Unit 2
Part A
Directions: Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D].
Text 1
The next society will be a knowledge society. Knowledge will be its key resource, and knowledge workers will be the dominant group in its workforce. Its three main characteristics will be:
Borderlessness, because knowledge travels even more effortlessly than money.
Upward mobility, available to everyone through easily acquired formal education.
The potential for failure as well as success.
Anyone can acquire the “means of production”, i.e., the knowledge required for the job, but not everyone can win.
Together, those three characteristics will make the knowledge society a highly competitive one, for organizations and individuals alike. Information technology, although only one of many new features of the next society, is already having one hugely important effect: it is allowing knowledge to spread nearinstantly, and making it accessible to everyone.① Given the ease and speed at which information travels, every institution in the knowledge society — not only businesses, but also schools, universities, hospitals and increasingly government agencies too — has to be globally competitive, even though most organizations will continue to be local in their activities and in their markets.② This is because the Internet will keep customers everywhere informed on what is available anywhere in the world, and at what price.③
This new knowledge economy will rely heavily on knowledge workers. At present, this term is widely used to describe people with considerable theoretical knowledge and learning: doctors, lawyers, teachers, accountants, and chemical engineers. But the most striking growth will be in “knowledge technologists”: computer technicians, software designers, analysts in clinical labs, manufacturing technologists, and paralegals. These people are as much manual workers as they are knowledge workers; in fact, they usually spend far more time working with their hands than with their brains.④But their manual work is based on a substantial amount of theoretical knowledge which can be acquired only through formal education, not through an apprenticeship.⑤They are not, as a rule, muchbetter paid than traditional skilled workers, but they see themselves as“professionals”. Just as unskilled manual workers in manufacturing were the dominant social and political force in the 20th century, knowledge technologists are likely to become the dominant social and perhaps also political force over the next decades.
1.resource n.①资源，财力②谋略，应付办法：exploit mineral resources开发矿产资源/ a man of great resource 足智多谋的人
○同 source n.①源(泉)，发源地②来源，出处：source of energy能源/ locate the source of error 找出错误的根源
2.dominant a. 支配的，占优势的：the dominant flavour in a dish一份菜肴的主要香味
3.mobility n.①可动性，流动性②能动性：social mobility社会流动性
○同 mobile a.①活动的②流动的③多变的n.移动电话：mobile telecommunications移动通讯/ mobile labor流动劳动力
○同 mobilize v.①调动，鼓动起②动员：mobilize the economic resources调动经济资源/ mobilize the whole nation把全国人民动员起来
4.potential a.潜在的，可能的n.潜力，潜能：a potential problem潜在的问题/ fulfill one’s potential 发挥自己的潜力
○派 potentially ad.潜在地，可能地
○派 potentiality n.①潜在性，潜势②潜力，潜能
5.acquire vt.①取得，获得②学到：acquire property获得财产/ acquire knowledge学到知识
○派 acquisition n.①取得，获得，习得②获得物：technique acquisition技术引进/ real estate acquisition不动产购置/ a valuable acquisition 不可多得的人(或物)
○派 acquisitive a.想获得的，贪得无厌的：an acquisitive collector贪得无厌的收藏家
6.competitive a.①有竞争性的②竞争的，比赛的③好竞争的，求胜心切的：be competitive with ... 与…竞争/ the most competitive areas最具竞争性的领域/ competitive players好竞争的运动员
○同 compete v.竞争，比赛：compete with others for a prize为得奖与人竞争/ compete against/ with sb. in sth.在某方面与某人比赛
○同 competition n.竞争，比赛：the form of competition竞争方式
○同 competitor n.竞争者
7.considerable a.相当多的，大量的：considerable damage to ... 对…相当严重的损坏/ considerable thought充分考虑
○派 considerably ad.相当地：(prices) reduce considerably(价格)降幅相当大
8.learning n.知识，学问：promote the love of learning鼓励学习的热诚/ a wealth of learning丰富的学识
○同 learn v.①学，学会，记住②得知，认识到③[+of, about]获悉，得知，了解：motivate the child to learn new words激励小孩学习新词/ be dismayed to learn that ... 惊悉…
○同 learned a.①有学问的，博学的②学术的：learned professors有学问的教授/ a learned man学者/ a publisher of learned works学术著作的出版社
9.accountant n.会计人员，会计师：independent accountant独立会计师
10.manual a.用手的，手工做的n.手册，指南：manual labor 体力劳动/ workship manual 维修手册
11.rely on 指望，依赖
【超纲词汇】
※1. paralegal n.律师帮办，律师的专门助手
※2. apprenticeship n.学徒期间
1. According to the author, knowledge can be defined as
[A] understanding of the outside world.
[B] productive resources.
[C] experiences acquired in the course of production.
[D] something for entertainment.
2. Among the following, which does not contribute to the competitiveness of the new society?
[A] a vaguer borderline.
[B] great flexibility.
[C] high risk of failure and success.
[D] more highqualified workers.
3. Which of the following statements is not true about the Internet?
[A] It will speed up the spreading of knowledge.
[B] It will bring great convenience to customers in buying something.
[C] It will enhance global competition.
[D] It will enlarge companies’ activities and markets globally.
4. It can be learnt that the most striking difference between present knowledge workers and future knowledge workers is that
[A] the latter tends to combine theoretical knowledge with manual skills.
[B] the former tends to be more professional.
[C] the latter tends to spend more time at work than at school.
[D] the former tends to accept more school education than the latter.
5. It can be inferred that the future knowledge workers view themselves as professionals because
[A] they can make more money than manual workers.
[B] they are free from manual work.
[C] they are bettereducated.
[D] they are more highly-respected.
难 句 突 破
1.Information technology, [although only one of many new features of the next society], is already having (one hugely important) effect: it is allowing knowledge to spread near-instantly, and making it accessible to everyone.
并列复合句。although引导让步状语；冒号前后为两个并列句，冒号后的句子解释说明前一句。第一个分句的主干为Information technology...is...having...effect; 冒号之后的“it”指 “information technology”；第二个并列谓语中的“it”指前面的 “knowledge”；短语 “make sth. accessible to sb.” 意思是 “使某人有渠道或途径使用或接触某物；使某人能够获得某物”。
2.[Given the ease and speed……………………… (at which information travels)], every institution (in the knowledge society) — not only businesses, but also schools, universities, hospitals and increasingly government agencies too — has to be globally competitive, [even though most organizations will continue to be local in their activities and in their markets].
复合句。 even though引导让步状语从句；主句的主干是 every institution in the knowledge society has to be globally competitive， 主句中“given”为介词, 意为 “taking sth into account”, 即 “考虑到”；at which information travels 修饰the ease and speed 。
3.This is because the Internet will keep customers everywhere informed [on what is available anywhere in the world, and at what price].
多重复合句。 because 引导的表语从句中谓语部分为keep ...informed, 意为 “使某人获得什么信息, 或使某人了解到什么”；介词on 后是一个宾语从句, at what price和 anywhere 是其中的并列状语。
4.(These) people are as much manual workers [as they are knowledge workers]; [in fact], they usually spend (far more) time [working with their hands than with their brains].
并列复合句。第一个分句为 as + 形容词+ 名词+ as 从句结构,第一个as为副词, 第二个as为连词, 意为 “同…一样达到某种程度, 与…等同”。
5. But their manual work is based on (a substantial amount of) theoretical knowledge……………… (which can be acquired only through formal education, not through an apprenticeship).
复合句。 which 引导定语从句修饰knowledge, 其中apprenticeship本意为“学徒期,见习期”, 在此句中和formal education相对应, 指在学徒期间学到的东西。
全 文 翻 译
未来社会将是一个知识社会。知识将成为社会的一个关键性资源， 知识工人将成为劳动大军中举足轻重的群体。它的三大主要特点将是：
无国界性：因为知识要比金钱传播起来更容易。
向高层次发展：通过轻易能够获得的正规教育，人人都可以得到知识水平的提升。
既具有获得成功的潜能，也具备承受失败的能力。
人人都可以获得“生产工具”，即工作所需要的知识，但并不是每个人都能成功。
对于组织以及个人而言,这三个因素协同起来都将使知识社会变成一个充满高度竞争的社会。1) 信息技术虽然只是未来社会中的诸多新特征之一, 但它已经具备十分重要的作用：它使知识得以立即传播, 并且可以传播到每一个人。2) 考虑到信息以这样的便捷与速度传播，知识社会中的每一个机构——不仅企业，而且学校、大学、医院以及政府机构——都必须面对日益增多的全球性竞争，虽然大多数组织在其活动及市场中将继续具备地方特色。3) 这是因为，互联网将会使世界各地的顾客了解到世界上的任何一个角落所能获得的商品及其价格。
这个新的知识经济将会大大依赖于知识工人。目前，这个术语被广泛地用于描述那些具有大量理论知识和学识的人，如医生、律师、教师、会计和化学工程师等。但是最惊人的将是“知识技术专家”的增长：电脑技术人员、软件设计师、临床实验室的分析师、制造业技术专家和律师帮办，4) 这些人既是知识工作者也是手工劳动者。事实上,他们通常用手的时间远远要比用脑的时间多。5) 他们的手工劳动基于长足的理论知识，这些知识只能从正规的教育获得,而不是在学徒期间学到。通常，他们并不比那些传统的熟练技术工人的薪水高，但是他们把自己看作“专业人员”。如同20世纪制造业中不熟练的手工劳动者是主要的社会和政治力量，知识技术专家很可能在未来几十年里成为社会的以及政治上的主导力量。
1.选[B]，事实细节题。在文章的第五段 “means of production, i.e., knowledge required for the job”中 “required for the job”修饰 “knowledge”, 同时也说明knowledge is the means of production。而且第一段第二句已认同知识是 “key resource”，所以[B]正确。[A]为第六段IT 技术的影响； 作者在知识社会的第三个特点中指出, 知识社会中的知识是指每个人从正规的教育中获得的东西,因此 [C]不符于原文；而[D]本文未谈及。
2.选[D]， 事实细节题。文章前四段谈及知识社会的三个特点: 知识的无国界性, 向高层次发展, 成功与失败的可能性。第六段第一句作者强调这三点使知识社会具有高度竞争力。[A]“模糊的边界”即指第一个特点； [B]“ 巨大的灵活性”即第二个特点；[C]即第三个特点；而 [D]“更多高水平的工人”不包括在其中。
3.选[D]， 事实细节题。[D]与第六段第三句中的“even though most organizations will continue to be local in their activities and in their markets”的意思不符。该段第二句中谈到知识传播是“nearinstantly”, 表明 [A]正确； 而第四句提供了[B]的线索；第三句提供了[C]的线索。
4.选[A]， 事实细节题。 第七段第四、五句阐明了目前的技术工人和未来的技术工人的不同, 后者虽然大部分时间从事具体操作技术, 但受过正规教育,有一定的理论知识, 因此 [A]符合题意。[C]、[D]与文中之意相反；第七段第三句中提到the most striking growth will be in “knowledge technologists”, 第六句提到they see themselves as “professionals”, 谈得是后者的情况，因此, [B]不正确。
5.选[C]， 推理判断题。第七段第五句表明他们的技术基于正规的教育,不是实践操作, 而第六句 “They are not, as a rule, much better paid than traditional skilled workers”表明 [A]错误；第四句表明他们同样从事大量的体力劳动, 所以 [B]错误；[D]文章中未提及。
Text 2
“I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense.” Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.① But Virginia Woolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics’ cavalier dismissal of Woolf’s social vision will not withstand scrutiny.
In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people’s lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people’s fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically rendered social setting and in a precise historical time.
Woolf’s focus on society’s has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satiric or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform their society and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. ② (Her Writer’Diary notes: “the only honest people are the artists, whereas those social reformers and philanthropists ...harbor...discreditable desires under the disguise of loving their kind ...”)③ Woolf detested what she called “preaching” in fiction, too, and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others) for working by this method.
Woolf’s own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgment about society and social issues; it is the reader‘s work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf words by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirist’s art.④ Woolf’s literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.” Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her society’， root and branch — a decision crucial in order to produce art rather than polemic.
1.provocative a.①挑衅的，煽动的②挑逗的：make a provocative speech做煽动性的演说/ provocative remarks挑衅的语言
○同 provocation n.①挑衅，激怒②刺激，煽动：under severe provocation受到严重的挑衅/ provocation of disorder煽动骚乱
2.highlight vt.强调，突出，使显著n.最精彩的部分，最重要的事件：Brisk exports highlight the upturn of the economy. 出口活跃显出经济在好转。
3.literary a.①文学(上)的②文人的，书卷气的：literary works文学作品/ the literary world文坛
○同 literature n.①文学，文学作品②文献，图书资料：classical literature古典文学/ medical literature医学文献
4.intricate a.错综复杂的，复杂精细的：in an intricate and orderly fashion复杂而有序的方式/ an intricate plot错综复杂的情节
5.consciousness n.①感觉，知觉②自觉，觉悟③意识：lose(recover)one’s consciousness失去(恢复)知觉/ political consciousness政治觉悟/ breed national consciousness培养民族意识
○同 conscious a.有意识的，意识到的：in one’s conscious moments神志清醒时/ be conscious of one’s shortcomings意识到自己的缺点
○同 unconscious a.无知觉的，无意识的：be unconscious of ... 没有意识到…
○同 subconscious a.下意识的，意识模糊的：subconscious motive下意识的举动
6.render v.②给予，表现，提供②使得，致使：render the gentle smile perfectly把温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖/ render sb. unconscious使某人失去知觉/ render good for evil以德报怨
7.scrutiny n.详细检查，仔细观察：When a manuscript has been accepted for publication, it is passed to an editor for detailed scrutiny. 当原稿被采用出版时, 便将它交与一名编辑进行仔细校阅。
○同 scrutinize vt. 详细检查，仔细观察： scrutinize sb.’s lungs 仔细检查某人的肺部
8.propaganda n.宣传：pollute the minds of the young with foul propaganda 宣传不良事物腐蚀青年的思想
9.sympathetic a.①同情的，体谅的②(to)赞同的，支持的③和谐的，合意的：one’s sympathetic words同情的言语/ be sympathetic to the project赞成该项计划/ in a sympathetic atmosphere在和谐的气氛中
○同 sympathy n.①同情(心)②(思想感情上的)支持：arouse sb’s sympathy唤醒某人的同情/seek(gain) sb’s sympathy寻求(获得)某人的同情/ feel(have) sympathy for sb.同情某人
10.portray vt.①描写，描绘②扮演，饰演a picture of the general portraying him as a Greek hero 将军把自己画成希腊英雄的一幅画/ portray a character in a play在剧中扮演一个角色
○同 portrait n.肖像，画像：a full length portrait 全身肖像/ a self-portrait 自画像
11.arrogant a.傲慢的，自大的：arrogant behavior傲慢的举止
12.discreditable a.可耻的，不名誉的：discreditable behavior可耻的行为
○同 credit n.①信用，名誉②信贷，赊欠vt. (to)把…归于：to sb’s credit在某人名下/ credit the invention to him将这项发明归功于他
○同 credible a.可信的，可靠的：a credible witness可信的证人/ a credible defense policy可靠的防御政策
○同 credibility n.可信性
○同 incredible a.①难以置信的②不能相信的，不可信的：display an incredible curiosity about ... 对…表现出令人难以置信的好奇心/ an incredible excuse不可信的借口
13.disguise v.①假扮，化装②掩盖，掩饰n.伪装，掩饰：disguise as a man扮成男人/ disguise a fact隐瞒事实/ in disguise伪装，假扮
14.preach vt. ①宣讲(教义)，布(道)②竭力鼓吹，宣传vi.布道，说教：preach the Gospel 传布福音/ preach reform 宣传改革
15.criticize vt.①批评，批判②评论，评价：criticize sb. for doing sth.责备某人做某事/ criticize a new book对一本新书发表评论
○同 critic n.批评家，评论家：a film critic电影评论家
○同 critical a.①关键性的，危急的②批评的：a critical time紧要关头/ be critical of(about)one’s work对某人的工作不满
○同 criticism n.①评论(文章)②批评，批判，指责：criticism of the plays对剧本的评论/ fierce criticism严厉的批评
16.issue n.①问题，争论之点②结果，结局v.①发出，发表，发行②发给：the main issue主要问题/make an issue of sth.对某事挑起争论/issue the currency发行钞票
17.undermine vt.①暗中破坏，逐渐削弱②侵蚀…的基础：undermine sb.’s
position 暗中损害他人的地位/ Many severe colds undermined the old man’s health. 多次严重的感冒损害了老人的健康。
18.acute a.①严重的，激烈的②敏锐的③(疾病)急性的④尖的，锐的：an acute shortage of water 严重缺水/ an acute thinker 思想敏锐的人/ an acute disease 急性病/ an acute leaf 尖叶
【超纲词汇】
※1.reverie n.幻想
※2.cavalier a.傲慢的
※3.impinge n.影响
※4.antipathy n.憎恶
※5.philanthropist n.慈善家
※6.detest v.憎恶
※7.mores n.习俗
※8.polemic n.争论
※9.visionary n. 空想家，充满幻想的人
※10.deform v. 使变形
※11.contemplative a. 沉思的
※12.pore n. 毛孔
6.In the first paragraph of the passage, the author’s attitude towards the literary critics mentioned could best be described as
[A] scornful. [B] ironic.
[C] joking.[D] disappointed but hopeful.
7.It can be inferred from the text that the most probably reason Woolf realistically described the social setting in the majority of her novels was that she
[A] was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the novel to be the most realistic of literary genres.
[B] was interested in the effect of a persons social condition on his or her character and actions.
[C] needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels in order to support the arguments she advanced in them.
[D] wished to prevent critics from charging that her novels were written in an ambiguous and inexact style.
8.It can be inferred from the text that Woolf chose Chaucer as a literary model because she believed that
[A] Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a whole as well as on individual characters.
[B] Chaucer was an honest and forthright author whereas novelists like D.H. Lawrence did not sincerely wish to change society.
[C] Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his society than with calling its accepted mores into question.
[D] Chaucers writing was greatly, if subtly, effective in influencing the moral attitudes of his readers.
9.Which would be the most appropriate title for this text?
[A] Trends in Contemporary Reform Movements as a Key to Understanding Virginia Woolf’s Novels.
[B] Poetry and Satire as Influences on the Novels of Virginia Woolf.
[C] Virginia Woolf’s Comment on the Twentieth-Century Novel.
[D] Virginia Woolf’s Novels’ Reflections on the Individual and Society.
10.Which of the following questions can be answered according to the information of the text?
[A] Have literary critics ignored the social criticism inherent in the works of Chekhov and Chaucer?
[B] Does the author believe that Woolf is solely an introspective and visionary novelist?
[C] What are the social causes with which Woolf shows herself to be sympathetic in her writings?
[D] Was D.H. Lawrence as concerned as Woolf was with creating realistic settings for his novels?
难 句 突 破
1.(Virginia Woolf’s provocative) statement about her intentions [in writing Mrs. Dalloway] has regularly been ignored [by the critics], [since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways
of individual consciousness].
复合句。本句的句子主干为statement about her intentions...has regularly been ignored by...，而since 引导了一个原因状语从句；在这个状语从句中，句子的主干为it highlights an aspect of her literary interests，后面的形容词词组different from the traditional picture of the ‘poetic’ novelist作了名词词组literary interests的定语；而形容词词组concerned with...作定语，修饰novelist，其中形容词concerned 后面跟了两个并列的介词短语with examining states of reverie and vision和with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness。
2.[Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes], she portrays people (anxious to reform their society and possessed of a message or program) as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs.
主从复合句。Even when 在这里引导了一个让步状语从句，主句为she portrays people as ...；形容词短语anxious to reform... or program作定语，修饰名词people；三个并列的形容词及形容词短语arrogant，dishonest, unaware of... 作主句宾语people 的补足语；unaware of 后面的how 从句作介词of 的宾语。
3.(Her) Writer’Diary notes: “the only honest people are the artists, whereas those social reformers and philanthropists...harbor...discreditable desires [under the disguise of loving their kind...]”
主从复合句。主句主语为Her Writer’s Diary，谓语动词为note, 后面引用的话作宾语；宾语由两个并列句构成；此处的Writer’s Diary应是伍尔夫的一部作品。
4.As a moralist, Woolf works [by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirists art].
并列句。第一个分句句子的主干为Woolf works by indirection，后面跟了四个分词做伴随状语；第二个分句为hers is the satirist’s art，注意在第一个分句后面是冒号，表示后一个分句与前一个分句形成解释的关系；bear witness 此处意为“证明”。
5.[As she put it in The Common Reader], “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another [because of anything Chaucer said or wrote]; and yet, [as we read him], we are absorbing morality [at every pore].”
复合句。As she put it in The Common Reader在此为插入语，引用的话里面句子的主干为It is safe to say that...， that 引导的从句为宾语从句；该从句由两个形成转折关系的并列的分句构成，分号在此的作用很明显，表明两个句子是并列关系；分号后的分句为主从复合句，as we read him 为状语从句；词组at every pore的含义是“全身，浑身”。
全 文 翻 译
“我意在抨击这个社会制度，表明这个社会制度是如何在以极端的方式运转着。” 1) 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫带有挑衅意味地指出了自己的作品《黛洛维夫人》的写作意图。因为文学评论家们对这位喜欢写诗情画意般小说的小说家的传统认识是：她在小说中关注人们的幻想和想象，注重描写人无间断的复杂而又微妙的意识。而她所声称的写作意图同文学评论家们对她传统的认识大相径庭，所以往往被评论家们所忽视。但是弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫不仅是一个诗人般的小说家，更是一位现实主义小说家，一名讽刺大师，社会评论家，同时也是一个空想家：文学评论家们对伍尔夫的社会观不加理会，他们的评论是站不住脚的。
在自己的小说中，伍尔夫对这些问题陷入了深深的思考：一个人的性格是怎样受到整个社会环境的影响而形成(或者扭曲)的？历史的力量是怎样影响人们的生活？阶级、财富和性别又是在多大程度上左右了人的命运？她写的大部分小说都发生在某个真实的社会背景下，发生在某个特定的历史时期。
由于伍尔夫极端反感艺术中的宣传，她的社会观一般很少被人们认可。她在小说中对改革者的描写往往充满讽刺、言语尖锐。2) 尽管伍尔夫从根本上同情那些热切希望改革整个社会的人和那些怀有自己的想法或者计划的人所追求的事业，她还是在作品中将他们刻画成自负傲慢、不诚实的人，说他们没有意识到自己的政治理念是如何满足了自己心理上的需求。3) 她在《作家日记》中指出，“艺术家是惟一诚实的人，而那些社会改革家们和慈善家们…披着关爱自己同类的外衣，内心却潜藏着…无耻的目的”。伍尔夫对她在小说中所称的“说教”深恶痛绝，尤其批判D.H.劳伦斯之类喜欢用这种写作手法的小说家。
伍尔夫本人对社会的评论往往以观测报告式的语言表达出来，而不是直接进行评论，因为在她看来，小说是一种沉思的艺术，而不是一种活动的艺术。她只是描述现象，为人们提供判断社会和社会问题的材料，而将这些观察到的现象综合起来，深刻了解这些现象背后的观点，需要读者自己去做。4) 作为一个道德学家，伍尔夫总是用间接迂回的方式表达自己的思想，她没有采用直白地方式去宣称什么，拥护什么或是证明什么，而是很巧妙地利用嘲弄、建议、指出问题等形式逐渐削弱传统道德的影响：她所表现的正是一个讽刺家的魅力。
伍尔夫的文学偶像是如契诃夫和乔叟一样敏锐的社会观察者。5) 正如她在《普通读者》中所说，“我们完全可以说，乔叟所说或者所写的东西并没有给人们形成任何的定规-，也没有强加给人们什么样的规则；然而，随着不断深入到他的作品中去，我们一点一点逐渐接受了其中全部的道德教诲”。如同乔叟一样，伍尔夫选择去理解、去判断、去了解整个社会以及它的方方面面——这种做法关键是为了创造艺术作品，而不是挑起争论。
6.选[A]，观点态度题。从文章的第一段来看，作者在第一句即指出，弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫在自己的作品中就曾经宣称过，自己的写作目的是“criticize the social system”，然而这一观点却往往被文学评论家们所忽视；对伍尔夫传统的认识是认为她是一个作品中有着诗情画意的小说家；作者对此持否定态度，毫不客气地指出，伍尔夫是一个“realistic as well as poetic novelist, a satirist and a visionary”，作者的态度非常鲜明：在研究伍尔夫的作品时，文学评论家轻易地忽略了伍尔夫的社会观，这种研究是经不住考验的。由此可见作者对文学评论家的态度是“scornful”(轻视的，藐视的)；作者的观点中未含有讽刺或开玩笑或失望的语气，故选项[B]、[C]、[D]皆不正确。
7.选[B]，推理判断题。从文章第二段第一句可以看出，在伍尔夫的小说中，她深深地被这些问题所吸引：个人如何受到周围社会环境的影响，历史的力量如何影响了人们的生活，以及阶级、财富和性别在多大程度上影响着一个人的命运。正是因为有了对这些问题的思考，她所写的大部分小说都植根于带有现实主义色彩的“social setting ”，都发生在某一个具体的“historical time ”中，因而选项[B]与原文意思相符，故正确。选项[A]“因为她意识到当代文学评论家认为她的小说属于小说流派中最接近现实主义的”原文未提及，故错误；选项[C]“因为为了支持自己所声称的观点，尽可能的注意细节”，同原文不符，因为文中指出伍尔夫自己的观点是“写小说的目的是为了抨击社会”，和尽可能真实地描写无关，故选项[C]不正确。选项[D]“因为她想防止评论家抨击她的小说背景太模糊”在文中并未提到，故错误。
8.选[D]，推理判断题。从文章最后一段来看，作者指出伍尔夫的文学风格与契坷夫和乔叟类似。伍尔夫本人非常推崇乔叟，她认为，虽然乔叟所写小说并没有形成固定的社会规范，但是随着读者不断深入到他的作品中去，读者会在不知不觉中“absorbing morality at every pore”，因而这正是伍尔夫选择乔叟当作文学风格模仿对象的原因，故选项[D]正确。选项[A]“乔叟是第一个不仅关注社会也关注个人特点的英国作家”、选项[B]中“乔叟是一个诚实而又坦率的作家”、选项[C]“乔叟不是对固有道德规范提出质疑，而是更关注理解社会”文中都没有涉及，故错误。
9.选[D]，主旨大意题。纵观全文，作者在第一段指出传统文学评论家对伍尔夫作品的理解有失偏颇，伍尔夫实际上是一个“realistic as well as a poetic novelist ”，她关注社会，而评论家们都忽略了这一点。在后面的几段中，作者论述了伍尔夫在作品中表现她用了什么样的手法对社会的关注。因而，选项[D]比较贴近整篇文章的中心意思，故正确。文章只在第三段谈及了伍尔夫对于“social reformer”的看法，不足以涵盖整篇文章的内容，故选项[A]“将当代改革运动中的趋势作为理解伍尔夫小说的关键因素”不正确；文中大段的篇幅都着重指出伍尔夫对社会的关注，仅在第四段讲到她的写作手法时提及她所具有的讽刺家的特点，故选项[B]对文章内容的表述比较片面；[C]不正确，因为整篇文章是对伍尔夫小说的评论，而不是关于伍尔夫对二十世纪小说的评论。
10.选[B]，推理判断题。文章对Chekhov and Chaucer仅仅一笔带过，借此来说明伍尔夫作品的特点，也未对两人的作品做详细评价，故[A]不正确；文章中只提及伍尔夫对于社会运动抱有同情心这一事实，但并未说明为什么，故选项[C]不正确；文章第三段最后一句中指出，伍尔夫反对在小说中进行说教，因为D.H.Lawrence 在作品中采用了这种方式，受到伍尔夫的批判，文中其他地方未提及D.H.Lawrence是否“concerned ... with creating realistic settings for his novels”，故[D]不正确；而文中作者很鲜明的指出，伍尔夫是一个“a satirist and social critic as well as a visionary”，同时文中第二段指出，伍尔夫在小说中对很多问题进行了深入思考，可见她是一个“introspective”的作家，故从文章中能够得出选项[B]的问题的答案，故选项[B]正确。
Text 3
It is said that the public and congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him，Mrs. Hart，and their children were becoming higher and narrower，with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces，without any reduction in price.① There were still twelve biscuits，but they had been reduced in size. Later，the senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured，in a single slice，almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.
The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can，without undue hardship，put his product into boxes，bags，and tins that will contain even four-ounce，eight-ounce，one-pound，two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes，etc. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible sizes and shapes of boxes，jars，bottles，and tins are in use at the same time and，as the package journals show，week by week，there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation.②The producers of pack-aged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes，but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes，materials，shape，art work，and net weights that are used for improving a product’s market position.③
When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply the price of hard sweets by 2.5，from 1 dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancy jar，or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces，he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high，when an average family pays about 200 dollars a year for bottles，cans，boxes，jars and other containers，most of which can’t be used anything but stuffing the garbage can.④
1.congressional a.会议的，国会的：congressional investigation会议审查
○同 congress n.①代表大会②国会，议会：a medical congress医学大会/convene a congress召开会议
2.deceptive a. 骗人的
○派 deception n. 欺骗：practice deception 行骗
3.cereal n.①加工而成的谷类食物②谷类植物，谷物
4.handsomely ad.好看地
○同 handsome a.①(男子)漂亮的，英俊的②(女子)端庄健美的，好看的③相当大的，可观的：a man of handsome features相貌英俊的男子/a handsome reward一笔相当可观的奖赏。
5.illustrate vt.①说明，阐明②给…作插图说明：give an example to illustrate the point 举例说明这个要点/illustrate a lesson with pictures为课文配插图
○派 illustration n.①图解，插图②说明，例证：color illustration彩色插图/amplify the matter by illustration用例证详述了这件事
6.convince vt.使确信，使信服：convince sb. of ...使…相信…/convince sb. by sound arguments以理服人/be convinced that ... 确信…，承认…
○同 conviction n.①确信，坚定的信仰②说服③判罪：shake sb’ s conviction动摇某人的信心/be open to conviction能接受意见
○同 convincingly ad.信服地，有说服力地
7.differentiation n.区别：make a differentiation between ... 对…加以区别/differentiation of labor分工
○同 differentiate vt.①区分，区别②使不同，使有差异：differentiate between good and evil分清善恶/What is it that differentiates these two substances?是什么构成了这两种物质的差别？
8.incur vt.招致，遭受，引起：incur sb.’s displeasure 招致某人的不悦
9.multiply v.①增加，繁殖②乘，(使)相乘：multiply one’ s chances of success增加个人成功的机会/children learning to multiply and divide学习乘法和除法的儿童
○同 multiple a.复合的，多重的，多种多样的：multiple choice多项选择/a multiple shop连锁店/multiple personality多重性格
10.fancy a.奇特的，别致的vt.①想象，设想②猜想，以为：fancy skating花样滑冰/fancy sb. a great general把某人想象成大将军/fancy oneself自以为是
○派 fanciful a.爱空想的，想象的
11.stuff vt.①填进，填满，塞满②让…吃饱 n.原料，材料，东西：a bus stuffed with passengers 挤满了乘客的公共汽车/stuff a duck 喂填鸭子
12.in effect 实际上，实质上
【超纲词汇】
※1.rumpus n.喧嚣
※2.drugstore n.杂货店
※3.undue a. 不适当的
11.What started the public and congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus?
[A] Consumers’ complaints about the changes in the package size.
[B] Expensive packaging for poor quality products.
[C] A senator‘s discovery of the tricks in packaging.
[D] The rise in the unit price for many products.
12.The word “undue”(Line 3，Para.2) means
[A] improper.[B] adequate.
[C] unexpected. [D] excessive.
13.Consumers are concerned about the changes in the package size，mainly because
[A] they hate to see any changes in things they are familiar with.
[B] the unit price for a product often rises as a result.
[C] they have to pay for the cost of changing package sizes.
[D] this entails an increase in the cost of packaging.
14.According to this passage，various types of packaging come into existence to
[A] meet the needs of consumers.
[B] suit all kinds of products.
[C] enhance the market position of products.
[D] introduce new products.
15.The author is critical mainly of
[A] dishonest packaging.
[B] inferior packaging.
[C] the changes in package size.
[D] exaggerated illustrations on packages.
难 句 突 破
1.It is said that (the public and Congressional) concern (about deceptive packaging rumpus) started [because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him，Mrs. Hart，and their children were becoming higher and narrower，with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10. 5 ounces，without any reduction in price].
多重复合句。主句结构为：It is said that...；that引导一个主语从句，it是其形式主语,从句主干为：the ...concern ...started...；because引导原因状语从句，该原因状语从句主干为：Senator Hart discovered that...，that后又是一个宾语从句，结构为：the boxes ...were becoming higher and narrower；with ...和without ...两个介词短语作这个宾语从句的状语；这个句子结构有三层，翻译时若不调整语序，则语言组织混乱，因此译文将其拆为两句话，这样意思就很明确。
2.A study (of drugstore and supermarket shelves) will convince any observer that all possible size and shapes (of boxes，jars，bottles，and tins) are in use [at the same time]，and，[as the package journals show，week by week]，there is never any hesitation [in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle] [when it aids in product differentiation].
复合句。主句结构为：A study...will convince...that...；that引导一个宾语从句，结构为：size and shapes...are in use...and...。宾语从句是由and连接的并列句，and后的分句中包含一个as引导的状语从句，其结构为：the ... journals show ...；其中when引导的是这个宾语从句中的时间状语从句。
3.The producers (of packaged products) argue strongly against changing sizes (of packages) [to contain even weights and volumes]，but no one (in the trade) comments [unfavorably] on the huge costs (incurred by endless changes (of package sizes，materials，shape，art work，and net weights) (that are used for improving a products market position)).
并列句。并列分句一的结构为：The producers ...argue ...；并列分句二的结构为：no one...comments...on...。并列分句二中incurred by...是过去分词短语作定语修饰huge costs，其中包含一个that引导的定语从句修饰changes,句中but是并列句的标志。
4.It [evidently] does come high，when an average family pays about 200 dollars a year [for bottles，cans，boxes，jars and other containers，(most of which can‘t be used anything but stuffing the garbage can)].
多重复合句。when引导时间状语从句，其中又包含一个由which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers；anything but 意为“仅仅是，只不过是”。
全 文 翻 译
1) 据说参议员哈特先生一家在购买盒装食品时，发现商品的包装带有极大的欺骗性，由此在公众和议会中掀起—场轩然大波。他们买的食品，包装盒变高了，变窄了，食品的分量从12盎司减少到10.5盎司，但是价格却没有降低。虽然盒里装的还是十二块饼干，但是都变小了。随后，参议员又不无道理地抱怨说，他们在商店里买的糕饼是装在漂亮的包装盒里，包装盒上印着一小块饼，上面撒的樱桃几乎是整块糕饼上樱桃的总和。
那些一味改变包装大小、减少分量从而提高产品单价的生产厂家，可以轻而易举地把四盎司、八盎司、一磅、二磅的早餐食品、蛋糕混合配料等放入盒中、袋中和罐中。2) 一份有关杂货店和超市货架的研究报告使每一位观察家确信，五花八门、形状各异的盒子、坛子、瓶子、罐子都在同时使用，而且，正如包装杂志一期又一期所表明的那样，只要能为产品标新立异，生产厂家便会毫不犹豫地推出新的包装式样。3) 生产包装产品的商家极力反对在改变了的包装里装上原有分量的商品，但是，在他们这个行当里，却没有人反对为了取得产品的市场优势，在不断改变包装的大小、用料、形状、制作工艺以及商品本身重量时所增加的产品的成本。
一位包装专家向我们解释说，他把硬糖块稍加包装后，便可将价格提升为2.5倍，即从1美元提高到2.5美元，或者把曾装五盎司的瓶子包装成看起来象装了八盎司。他在说这番话时，实质上是在告诉公众，包装是一种极昂贵的享受。4) 当一户普通的家庭每年要在那些只能塞进垃圾桶的瓶瓶罐罐、纸箱纸盒上花掉两百美元时，很明显，这太昂贵了。
11.选[C]，推理判断题。题干实际就是文章首句的前半部分，答案的依据就在后半部分(because ...)。后半部分表明这是因为他们买的食品，包装盒变高了，变窄了，食品的分量也减少了，但是价格并没有降低，这实际上就是一个trick(花招，诡计)，选项[C]正确。选项[A]、[B]、[D]都是这个trick的一个表现形式，均不全面。
12.选[D]，语义理解题。本题需要在理解全篇的基础上猜出undue的意思。“改变包装大小或样式”并不是什么[A] “不适当”的困难，也不是什么[B] “适当的、足够的”或 [C] “突如其来的、没有想到的”困难，只有[D]项(改变包装的大小和式样并不需要)“过多的、过分的”困难，符合题意。
13.选[B]，推理判断题。文章第一段开宗明义，说到参议员Hart一家购买的包装商品份量少了，但价格未减；第二段一开始就提到一些生产厂家用改变包装式样的办法increases the unit price of his product，由此得出结论，消费者首先关注的是商品包装改变带来的商品单价的提高，也就是选项[B]所说的内容。选项[A]未提及；选项[C]、[D]意思相似，但公众关注的直接原因是价格升高，而不是成本问题。
14.选[C]，事实细节题。第二段末作者说许多包装商品的生产商不断改变包装的大小、用料、形状、制作工艺以及商品本身重量， for improving a products market position(第二段末)，这与选项[C]吻合，故[C]正确。选项[A]、[B]、[D]也都是改变包装的目的和作用，但不是最本质、最主要的。
15.选[A]，主旨大意题。作者批判的主要方面是粗制滥造的包装([B]项)?是不断变化的包装大小([C]项)? 还是包装上的夸大其词的图案([D]项)? 从全篇来看都不是。选项[B]、[C]、[D]都是在论证deceptive packaging时的实例，不能概括全文，只有文章开头说的引起轩然大波的deceptive packaging才是本文作者批评的主要现象，dishonest与deceptive同义，因此，[A]项才是本题的正确答案。
Text 4
The good news is that after last year’s precipitous decline, worldwide demand for microchips is rising again. The not-so-good news is that the recovery is likely to be more muted than the industry had hoped. In fact, it could be year’s before the market makes up fully for 2001’s record fall of 32% in chip sales. The latest figures from World Semiconductor Trade Statistics, an industry body, suggest that demand will creep up this year by 2.3% (to $ 142 billion) and by a healthier 16.6% or so in 2003.① So it could still be 2004 or beyond before the market for chips regains its former heights.
Why is the recovery so weak? The main reason is that sales of personal computers (PCs), which run on such chips and which dominate the market for them, are still struggling to recover from last year’s collapse in demand.② Gartner Dataquest, a research firm, says worldwide sales of PCs rose by 5.8% year-on-year in the three months to the end of September. Don’t be misled: although this is a welcome return to growth, the increase recovers barely half the ground lost last year when the market for new PCs slumped after the bursting of the technology bubble; the September 11th terrorist attacks further depressed the market.③
The uncertain outlook for the world economy is encouraging companies to postpone their spending on information technology (IT).In better times, companies would usually begin to replace outdated equipment during the third quarter. This time around, says Gartner Dataquest, the IT industry will probably have to wait until the middle of next year to see any real improvement in sales. Slowest to recover are likely to be sales in Latin America and Japan, where shipments of new PCs actually fell during the third quarter of this year.
Dan Niles of Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, is optimistic that, beginning next year, overall spending on IT will recover. He believes corporate expenditure in the United States is “slowly beginning to stabilize and to pick up”. He predicts single-digit growth in America, followed by an improvement elsewhere later in the year. A noted pessimist for the past two years or so, Mr. Niles points to the declining level of inventories as a sign that the market is close to recovery. Stocks of PCs and electronics goods have fallen every month, year-on-year, for the past 12 months, he says.
A recovery in demand cannot come too soon for some. Chartered Semiconductor, one of the world’s largest producers of custom-made chips, said recently that it plans to cut its workforce in Singapore by 7%. Reporting its seventh consecutive quarterly loss, the company said it expected sales to fall again during the current period. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing, one of Chartered’s main rivals, is also expecting a tough end to the year.
The gloom is not shared by all. Intel, the world’s biggest chip producer, saw its share of total sales rise significantly during the third quarter — to 87% of the worldwide market, the highest it has been for four years.④ Intel’s gain came mainly at the expense of Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), an American rival. Like others in the industry, AMD has suffered from falling orders as customers used up the excess stocks of chips overhanging the market. Worse, the soft market has also forced down the prices of its chips, squeezing its profit margins.
1.decline v.①下降，减少②衰退③拒绝，谢绝n.①下降，减少②衰退：(crime rate) decline sharply(犯罪率)急剧下降/decline an invitation to dinner谢绝宴请/a (sharp) decline in profits利润(大幅度)下降
○派 declining a.①下降的②衰退的：the declining popularity正在下降的声望/a declining empire正在衰落的帝国
2.mute a.哑的，沉默的vt.消音，减音n.哑巴：a muted voice轻声说话
3.chip n.①屑皮，碎片②[常pl.]炸土豆条(或片)③缺口，瑕疵v.削(屑片或碎片)：potato chips 薯条/a cup with a chip out of it一个有缺口的杯子/chip a figure out of wood用木头刻个人形
4.creep v.①蹑手蹑脚地走，缓慢地行进②爬行，匍匐：creep up to him from behind从后面悄悄走近他/creep up the castle walls爬上了城堡的围墙
5.collapse n.①倒塌②崩溃③失败v.①倒塌②崩溃，垮台：in a state of total collapse经济处于完全崩溃状态/the collapse of plans计划失败
6.mislead vt.误导，使入歧途：mislead sb. about sth.使某人对某事产生错误想法/ mislead sb. into doing sth.骗别人做某事
7.bubble n.泡，水泡，气泡vi.冒泡，起泡：the bubbles in glass 玻璃内的气泡/a brook bubbling over rocks 汩汩地流过岩石的小溪
8.depress vt.①使不景气，削弱②使沮丧，使消沉：depress business使生意萧条/(rainy days) depress sb.(雨天)使某人沮丧
○派 depression n.①抑郁，沮丧②不景气，萧条(期)：in a state of deep depression非常沮丧/a commercial depression商业萧条
○派 depressant a.有镇静作用的n.镇静剂：freezing point depressant防冻剂
9.postpone vt.推迟，延期：postpone the meeting until next week把会议延期到下周
10.stabilize v.使稳定，使固定：stabilize prices 使价格稳定
○同 stable a.①稳定的，稳固的②持久的③沉稳的，持重的：a politically stable country一个政治上稳定的国家/stable peace持久的和平/a stable person一个稳重的人
○同 stability n.稳定，稳固：the stability of the government政府的稳定
11.gloom n.①消沉②昏暗，阴暗：cast a gloom over the girl使姑娘情绪低落/be filled with gloom黯淡无光
○派 gloomy a.①忧郁的，沮丧的②令人沮丧的③昏暗的，阴暗的：a gloomy mood忧郁的心情/a gloomy conclusion令人失望的结局/gloomy economic forecasts黯淡的经济前景
12.squeeze vt.①挤，挤出②诈取③捏，握：squeeze oneself into the bus挤进公共汽车/squeeze money out of(from) sb.向某人诈取钱财
13.pick up 使恢复，加快：pick up speed 加速
14.use up 用光
15.at the expense of 由…付费，由…负担
【超纲词汇】
※1.precipitous a.猛烈的
※2.inventory n.存货，总量
※3.consecutive a.连续的
※4.overhang v. 威胁，笼罩
16. The recovery of demand for microchips is
[A] in accordance with expectations.
[B] far from certain.
[C] not so quick as expected.
[D] at record-breaking speed.
17. According to the passage, a rebound in chip sales depends on
[A] an increase in production.
[B] an upturn in computer sales.
[C] the development of new PCs.
[D] the ability to replace outdated equipment.
18. The decline of PC market last year was triggered by
[A] the collapse of chip market.
[B] the bursting of IT bubble.
[C] the 9•11 terrorist attacks.
[D] the barely recovered lost market.
19. Dan Niles think that the PC market
[A] has an uncertain prospect.
[B] is going to recover soon.
[C] is to improve everywhere in the year.
[D] remains tough until the end of the year.
20. The author mentioned Intel in order to
[A] explain the recovery in demand for chips still takes time.
[B] show the chip market is not so gloomy as some economists predicted.
[C] illustrate Intel is the only chipmaker not affected by the tough market.
[D] tell Intels sales rise is mainly attributable to its monopoly of the market.
难 句 突 破
1.(The latest) figures (from World Semiconductor Trade Statistics), {an industry body}, suggest that demand will creep up this year by 2.3% (to $ 142 billion) and by a healthier 16.6% or so in 2003．
复合句。主句是The latest figures suggest that，that引出的是宾语从句；宾语从句其实由两个并列的分句构成，只是第二个分句省略了和前一个分句一样的部分(demand will creep up)；an industry body是同位语，补充说明专有名词World Semiconductor Trade Statistics。
2.The main reason is that sales of personal computers (PCs), (which run on such chips and which dominate the market for them), are still struggling to recover from last years collapse in demand.
多重复合句。主句是The main reason is，that引导的是表语从句，表语从句中有两个which引导的非限制性定语从句，由and连接，修饰personal computers。
3.Dont be misled: [although this is a welcome return to growth], the increase recovers [barely] half the ground lost [last year] [when the market for new PCs slumped after the bursting of the technology bubble]; (the September 11th) terrorist attacks [further] depressed the market.
并列句。冒号前后各是一个分句，语法上各自独立，但语义上有因果关系；后一句又是个并列句，由分号隔开；冒号后第一个分句是个复合句，主句是the increase recovers barely half the ground lost，although引导的是让步状语从句；when the market for new...bubble是分句中的时间状语从句。
4.Intel, {the world’s biggest chip producer}, saw its share (of total sales) rise [significantly during the third quarter] — to 87% (of the worldwide
market), {the highest it has been for four years}.
复合句。主句是Intel saw its share ...rise... to 87%；the worlds biggest chip producer是同位语，补充说明Intel；the highest也是同位语，补充说明87%；it has been是定语从句，修饰the highest (percentage)。
全 文 翻 译
全世界对微型芯片的需求自去年猛跌之后又开始回升了，这是一则好消息。不太好的消息是，复苏很可能比该行业所希望的要缓慢。实际上，市场完全弥补2001年芯片销售额32%破记录的下降可能还需要几年的时间。1) 行业组织“世界半导体贸易统计协会”的最新数字表明，今年需求量将缓慢上升2.3%(达到1,420亿美元)，2003年将强劲增长，约为16.6%。因此，只有到2004年或更晚一些时候芯片市场才会重新回到以前的水平。
复苏为什么这么缓慢？2） 主要原因是靠芯片运行并控制芯片市场的个人电脑的销售要从去年需求暴跌之后复苏，仍步履维艰。一家名为加特纳的数据调查公司说，到九月底的三个月中全世界的个人电脑销售与去年同比增长了5.8%。3） 但不要被误导：虽然下降趋势得到扭转，这很令人鼓舞，但这样的增长连去年技术泡沫破灭引发个人电脑市场骤减之后损失的一半也难以捞回来；9.11恐怖袭击又进一步使市场疲软。不确定的世界经济前景正促使公司推迟它们在信息技术上的支出。在经济状况较好的时期，公司通常在第三季度开始更新过时的设备。加特纳数据调查公司说，这一次，IT业可能得等到明年年中才能看到销售额的任何实质性改善。拉丁美洲和日本的销售额很可能恢复得最为缓慢，因为在上述地区，新型个人电脑的货运量实际上在今年第三季度还下降了。
莱曼兄弟投资银行的丹•奈尔斯乐观地认为，明年起对IT的总支出将会恢复。他认为美国的公司支出“正逐渐趋于稳定并开始上升”。他预测美国将有一位数的增长，今年晚些时候其他各地也将随之陆续有所改善。奈尔斯先生在过去的两年左右时间里是有名的悲观主义者，他指出库存下降是表示市场已经接近复苏的信号。他说，个人电脑和电子产品的股票在过去的十二个月中每个月都与去年同比有所下降。
对有些公司来说，需求的恢复不会来得太快。世界最大的定制芯片制造商之一——查特德半导体公司最近说，该公司计划将新加坡的雇员裁减7%。由于连续七个季度亏损，公司报道说，预计销售额在目前阶段仍在下降。台湾半导体制造公司是查特德公司的主要竞争对手之一，它也预测今年年关难过。
这种忧愁并不是所有公司都有。4) 世界最大的芯片制造商英特尔公司的总销售份额在第三季度猛增到占世界市场87%，这是四年来的最高水平。英特尔获得了利润，但损害了其美国的竞争对手AMD公司。像同行业中的其他公司一样，AMD公司订单减少，因为消费者要用完市场上过剩的芯片存货。更糟糕的是，软件市场也迫使芯片价格下降，减小了其利润率。
16.选[C]，事实细节题。文章第二句中“more muted than the industry had hoped”与[C]同义，其中muted表示“沉默的”，喻指需求回升得很慢，故选[C]。微型芯片需求的恢复与人们的期望并不一致，所以排除[A]；文章开头便明确指出worldwide demand ...is rising ，只是恢复得慢一些，可见经济发展势态还是比较确定的，排除[B]；recordbreaking意为“打破记录的，速度飞快的”，与文义正好相反，排除[D]。
17.选[B]，事实细节题。从第二段第二句中personal computers...which dominate the market for them(chips)...可知，芯片的销量由电脑销量决定，故选[B]。文章未提到通过提高产量来增加销售，且这也不符合一般经济常识，排除[A]；文章只提到了用新技术，新设备代替旧的(第三段)，这是指信息技术业，具体地说，是指芯片生产商，而不是指新的电脑，排除[C]；文章提到芯片制造商由于市场需求不大而不愿更换陈旧设备，并不是没有能力更换，排除[D]。
18.选[B]，事实细节题。从第二段末句中when the market for new PCs slumped after the bursting of the technology bubble可知电脑销售下降是信息技术泡沫破灭导致的，故选[B]。[A]应该是电脑销售下降的结果而不是原因；由第二段末句the September 11th terrorist attacks further depressed the market可知，9.11恐怖袭击只是一个附加因素，进一步使市场疲软，而不是引发了电脑销售下降，排除[C]；[D]描述的是电脑和芯片销售都已大幅下降之后的状况，而不是引发的原因，排除[D]。
19.选[B]，观点态度题。第四段中optimistic, recover, stabilize, pick up, growth, improvement等用语都表明Dan Niles认为电脑市场很快就会恢复，故选[B]，同时排除[A]。文中有beginning next year，可见Niles预测恢复是从明年开始的，而[C]中的in the year只能理解为“今年”，排除[C]；整个第四段描述的都是乐观的一面，且最后一句说明电脑及电子产品的存货在过去十二个月中已经在下降了，所以[D]的说法既不正确，也和整个段落的语气不符。
20.选[D]，事实细节题。文章提到英特尔公司时突出强调了它是the worlds biggest chip producer，其市场占有份额达到87%，而且下文还提到其竞争对手AMD为此付出了代价，可见，隐含的意思是英特尔市场份额的增加是由于它对市场的垄断，故选[D]。英特尔公司的市场占有份额既然增加了，那么就不能说明芯片需求的恢复将会很慢，排除[A]；英特尔公司只是一个特例，不能代表整个芯片市场，排除[B]；英特尔公司的市场份额达到了四年来的最高，这本身也是市场变化的影响，排除[C]。
Part B
Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 2125,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list [A]—[G] to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes.
[A] Chinese Americans make up only a tiny fraction of our population; there are fewer than half a million, living chiefly in California, New York, and Hawaii. As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed in recent years, the long reviled Chinese have gained wide acceptance. Today, they are generally admired for their many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an example worth following. And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated.
[B] When times were hard, they are blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men, who were in many cases recent immigrants themselves, antiChinese riots broke out in several cities. Chinese were barred from using the courts and also from becoming American citizens. Californians began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state. Finally, in 1882, they persuaded Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers. Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of the 20th century.
[C] Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture, even after having lived here for several generations, for example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong. Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. The high regard for education which is deeply imbedded in Chinese culture, and the willingness to work very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. This explains why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors, lawyers, and other professionals.
[D] In the early 1860s many more Chinese arrived in California. This time the men were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. They were sorely needed because the work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors, these Chinese were almost all males; and like them, too, they encountered a great deal of prejudice. The hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was completed, and the imported laborers returned to California — thousands of them, all out of work.
[E] The first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most of the other people there, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land, the men staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground. However, either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways. Often they were prevented from working their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. The Chinese therefore started to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do the laundry for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. There were almost no women in California in those days, and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this “woman’s work”.
[F] From the start, the Chinese had lived apart in their own separate neighborhoods, which came to be known as “Chinatowns”. In each of the “Chinatowns”, the residents organized an unofficial government to make rules for the community and to settle disputes. Unable to find jobs on the outside, many went for laundries and restaurants, some of them soon spread to other parts of the city, since such services continued to be in demand among non-Chinese, too.
[G] For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by the prejudice and discrimination that faced them in this country.
Order:
G → 21→ 22→ 23→ 24→ &nbs