再论代理孕母问题的伦理学问题.pdf

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  中国医学伦理学2006年8月第19卷第4期总108期

  ·生命伦理·

  再论代理孕母问题的伦理学问题

  哀 玮

  (中国医学科学院 中国协和医科大学生命伦理学研究中心,北京 100730)

  〔摘要〕代理母亲是指代人妊娘的妇女,根据胎儿与孕母之间有无遗传关系,可将代理孕母分为“遗传代孕”及“妊娘代孕”

  两种方式。在其作为一种解决不孕问题的方法带给不孕夫妇好处的同时,也引起了许多伦理争论。本文概括了当前代理孕母

  支持者和反对者的主要观点,并引述了部分学者为代理孕母所进行的伦理学辫护,他们认为:代理孕母制度本身并不存在剥削,

  没有将妇女的身体物化、商品化;代理孕母并不一定必然会破坏家庭和婚姻,相反出于仁慈帮助她人的、非商业化的代孕技术的

  合理使用会促进家庭的幸福,代理孕母与买卖婴儿也存在本质上的差别。全面禁止代理孕母的政策需要重新考虑。

  (关键词)代理孕母;伦理;辩护;遗传

  t中图分类号〕R -052 〔文献标识码〕A [文章编号〕1001 - 8565 (2006) 04 - 0061 - 03

  Discussions on Ethical Problems of Surrogate Motherhood

  Yuan Wei

  (Center for Bioethics,CAMS&PUMC, Being 100730,China)

  Abstract: A“surrogate motherhood" is a woman who agrees to bear a child for another woman who is

  incapable to conceive by herself. It is a way to solve the offspring problem caused by infertility by assisted

  reproductive technology. They can be divided into”genetic surrogacy”and”gestational surrogacy”by the

  relationship between the surrogate and the child. While bringing benefit to the infertile couple,it caused many

  ethical issues and brought about serious disputes all over the world. There are some arguments for and against

  surrogate motherhood,but”surrogate motherhood" can be ethically justified in that there is no exploitation,no

  objectification and commercialization of women's body,doing no harm to the family and the child. The policy to

  prohibit surrogate motherhood needs to be reconsidered.

  Key Word:surrogate motherhood;ethics justification

  从英国医生John Hunter在1977年成功地完成了人类第 根据胎儿与孕母之间有无遗传关系,可将代理孕母分为

  一次人工授精,到1978年第一个试管婴儿Louis Brown在英 “遗