汉译英翻译16篇
汉译英翻译16篇
汉译英翻译(1)
Lang-8
汉译英翻译技巧
一、分清主从 (Subordination)
汉语句中各分句关系比较松散，所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。句中重点往往在后。英译时，要突出重点或主句，其他部分可分别用介词短语，非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。
1、 没有农业，人们就不能生存，社会生产就不能继续下去。
Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social production
proceed.
2、 他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。
The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-
hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.
3、 有人以为社会主义就了不起，一点缺点也没有，哪有这个事?
Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can
that be true?
4、 但是，象我们常说的那样，道路总是曲折的，前途总是光明的。
But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is
bright.
二、 选词用字 （Diction）
在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。
1、每个民族都有它的长处，不然它为什么能存在？为什么能发展？
Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?
2、树雄心，立壮志，向科学技术现代化进军。
Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolution
of modernization of science and technology.
3、 我国的社会主义建设，需要一个和平的国际环境，需要一个国内安定团结，
天下大治的局面。
For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment
of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order.
4、论技术，她那时还不如我，但思想却比我高得多。
Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she was
head and shoulders above me.
三、增益 （Ampification）
汉译英时的“增益”技巧的运用,有时是为了使英美人理解原文的精确含义,有时是为了遵循英语的行文习惯。
1、交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。
Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again
and see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then can
you do your work well.
（英语行文时人称代词，物主代词用得较多）
2、她挑水，生炉子，洗东西，忙个不停。
Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full every
minute. (增益为了意译)
3、他们一听说有新任务，就坐不往了。
When they learnt that they’d been given a new task, they just couldn’t sit still any longer. (增加not… any longer 表示“不再”.)
4、会用就了不得,不会用就一文不值.
It works wonders when you know how to use it, but when you don’t it is not
worth a single penny. (增加连词与代词)
三、 省略法.(Omission)
汉语不怕重复,英语中有相同的词语常可省略,行文较简练。汉语中出于行文需要而没有实意的一些词语在英译时也要省略。
1、我们要培养分析问题，解决问题的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve problems.
（只用一个problems）
2、我已提前完成了任务，他也提前完成了。
I’ve fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
3、中国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创造，勇于革命的。
The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into
things, to make inventions and to make revolution.
（只用一个courageous enough ）
4、质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电，也不带阴电。
A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a
neutron has neither.
五、转换 （Conversion）
汉语中的某些词类在英译时常常要根据英语的句式转换成英语的另一类词，更符合英语的惯用法。不仅如此，有时整个句式也要转换。
1、一定要少说空话，多做工作。
There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
(汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词)
2、警察把那个孩子的胳臂抓得更紧了，叫嚷道：“学规矩点!”
Tightening his hold on the boy’s arm, the policeman yelled,“Learn some respect!”(句子的前部分转换成分词结构)
３、口试时问了她十个问题,她一一答对了。
She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one correctly.
（主动式转换为被动式句型）
４、语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
(句式不同但意思完全相同)
六、词序调整。（Inversion）
每种语言都有自己的自然语序，翻译时要注意入乡随俗。特别要注意英译时强调句式的词序。
1、 这个茶会是由伦敦《泰晤士报》的高级记者约翰先生举行的。
The tea-party was given by Mr John, senior correspondent of The
Times, London.（英译时姓名在前，职务在后）
2、 我们上星期天在她家尽情地吃了一顿。
We ate to our hearts’ content at her home last Sunday.
(汉语的状语排列：时间―――地点―――方式
英语的排列是： 方式―――地点―――时间）
3、我们从来没有看见过这样光明的前途。
Never have we seen so bright a future before us.
(英语中Never开头的句子词序要倒装)
4、荷花虽好，也要绿叶扶持。
With all its beauty the lotus needs the green of its leaves to set it off.
( With 的特殊用法，表示让步，用在句首)
七、正说反译，反说正译。（Negation）
英汉两种语言都有自己的约定俗成的正反说法，这在英译时要时刻注意到。英语中有些词汇本身就有否定的意思，要善于利用，如 fail, without, beyond, until, unless, instead of 等；
１、我认为他不对。他昨天没有露面。
I don’t think he is correct. he failed to turn up yesterday.
(正说反译，反说正译)
２、证据确凿，毋庸置疑。
The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.(反说正译)
３、那件事没有减弱我们的决心，反倒增强了我们的决心。
That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.
( or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.)
4、 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。
The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that
at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.(正说反译，反说正译)
八、长句拆译。 （Division）
翻译时随意断句是不足取的，但为了忠实并通顺地转达原意，仔细分析后，在保持原文风格特点的前提下，适当地断句倒显得更自然有力。长句拆译时往往要综合使用学到的种种技巧。
１、我们的一般企业很少注意经济效果，广泛存在着劳动无定员，生产无定额，质量无检查，成本无核算的现象，在人力、物力、财力上造成很多浪费。
Our enterprises in general pay little attention to economic results, since usually the number of workers needed for a job is not fixed, production quota is not fixed, the quality of products is not checked and cost accounting is not earnestly practised. All this has incurred a big waste of manpower, material resources and money.
(因为原长句结尾处是表判断带有总结性的分句，所以在这里断句译较好)
２、人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。
The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.
(原句中包含着从一般到细节的过渡，断句分译才使译文更有条理)
３、一定要言行一致，理论与实践密切结合，反对华而不实和任何虚夸，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头苦干。
Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated.
We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated.
长句拆译方面对初学者来说有些偏深，故不多举例了。作为有心人认真探索是大有好处的。
以上我们探讨了如何在汉译英时把“英译汉”的翻译技巧加以利用,以求得英语行文正确与合理.现在我们要从另一个角度来分析汉译英.也就是从语法上着手，纵横结合。通过这样学习，对提高实际运用英语的能力有极其重要的作用。因为汉语的句子我们可以一目十行，怎么样地道地用英语表达才是我们“翻译法”的终极目标.
一、汉语中无词形变化，但仔细分析一下，我们都能明确其中各词属于什么词性。英语中词形变化很重要，名词有单复数变化，冠词有定冠词和不定冠词，形容词、副词有比较级和最高级的变化，动词有时态、语态、语气的变化以及各种非谓语动词的不同用法。这要求我们在汉译英时应该看好英语的词法与句法的统一。
１、年轻人宜彬彬有礼。
Modesty becomes a young man.
（注意动词的变化与冠词的用法）
２、鸟鸣山更幽。
It seems to be more lonesome in the mountains when birds are singing.
（形容词比较级，名词复数，动词进行时）
３、从各方面来考虑，他的命运是幸福的。
Taking all things into consideration, his lot is a happy one.
(分词的独立主格用法，冠词的正确使用)
４、使事情更糟的，天又下起雨来了。
To make the matter worse, it began to rain.
（不定式作独立主格）
二、汉语中存在着无主句（没有主语的句子）。英语中除祈使句之外，一般都必须有主语。所以在汉译英时，应经常推敲要选那一个词来当主语，一般可加上I, we, you, they等（常泛指人们）作主语以及加上相应的物主代词。有时也采用被动语态来翻译。
１、拾煤渣也要放聪明点儿，常常换换地方。为的不受那些野男孩子的欺负。
Even when scrounging for cinder you had to have your wits about you and shift from place to place to avoid those mischievous boys who banded together to collect cinders, too.
(用you作主语，再加上相关的代词your.)
2、真是一个钱撕成八瓣用，心里总想着怎样能够改善家里的困境。
Each single copper had to be eked out, and I kept racking my minds for ways to improve our difficult conditions.
（翻译时用I 作主语并增加相关的物主代词）
３、对革命高潮的客观条件与主观力量区分不清楚，不知道主观的群众运动对促成革命高潮到来的作用。
No clear distinction was made between the objective condition and the subjective strength involved in a revolutionary upsurge. We did not understand the importance of the mass movement, the subjective element, in helping to bring about a revolutionary upsurge.
（汉语中属无主句，英译时增添主语we）
3、 村里办了小学，开设了粮站和卫生所。
A primary school, a grain station and a clinic have been set up in the village.
（汉译英时使用被动语态）
三、汉语中词与词之间，短语与短语之间，分句与分句之间很少用连词。而在这种场合下英语一定要使用连词，表示各成份之间的关系。汉语的特点是“意合”,这种简洁性曾被著名的美国语言学家爱德华.萨皮尔描绘为是一种有着“合理的逻 辑性”的语言。英语行文重在“形合”.所以在该使用连词and 时决不可漏掉。其它各种从属连词的使用也很重要。
１、我们是革命战争的领导者，组织者，我们又是群众生活的领导者，组织者。
We are the leaders and organizers of the revolutionary wars as well as the leaders and organizers of the life of the masses.(连词 and, as well as 在这里一定要用)
２、小伙子走了.夕阳下,她躺在草地上等着。
The young man left, and she lay waiting on the grass in the evening sun.
(这里连词and 起了合句的作用,合句与断句相对,也是一种重要的翻译技巧.)
３、海洋覆盖了地球表面的７１%,是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分,也是资源的宝库,环境的重要调节器.
The ocean, which covers 71% of the earth’s surface, is a basic component of the global bio-support system. It is also a treasure house of resources and an important regulator of the environment.
(主语后面有三个并列的谓语:覆盖了…,是…,也是… .但仔细分析可看出,“覆盖了地球表面的７１％”说明了一个人们已知的客观事实，句子的重点在后面。因此译文用了一个定语从句来处理前面的分句，而用谓语集中处理后半句的内容。)
４、中国在自己发展的长河中，形成了优良的历史文化传统。这些传统，随着时代变迁和社会进步获得扬弃和发展。
In the prolonged course of its development, China has formed its fine historical and cultural traditions, which have been either developed or sublated with the changes of the times and social progress.
（原文是两句话，第一句在句末提出“历史文化传统”，第二句接着加以发挥。两句话虽在内容上紧密相连，但在形式上都是两个并列的句子，互相没有从属关系。汉语行文“意合”,我们就应该用英语的“形合”表示出来,所以使用了从属连词which 把两句连在一起,变成一个主从复合句.
四、意译法的正确使用。
翻译过程本身充满矛盾，笔者认为主要矛盾在于意合与形合之争。根据我们现在学习的目的来看，我更偏重于意合，说穿了就是意译。因为同一句汉语可用多种英语句型表达，反之亦然。一般情况下，意思说对了就行了，那在什么情况下用意译较好呢？
（一），如果照原句的字眼直接译成英语，你又不熟悉对应词的相关的用法，就容易引起误会，这时应使用意译法，以确切传达原意为准。
1、村里的居民，全不在他眼睛里。
He looked down upon all the inhabitants of the village.
2、谁料这小子竟谋了他的饭碗去。
Who could have thought that this low fellow would steal his living from him.
3、他惹了一肚子的气，回来气的一整夜也没睡着。
Being absolutely enraged, he was much too angry to sleep that night.
4、他说“如今没奈何，把你雇在间壁人家放牛。”
“There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after over neighbor’s baffalo.”
（二）、按原文正面译出，译文语言不好处理时，可以采用反面着笔的意译法，也就是我们所谈到的“正说反译,反说正译”的技巧。
1、那赵家的狗，何以看我两眼呢？我怕的有理。
Why should the Zhao’s dog give me two glances of the eye? My fear is not
a groundless one.
2、那小女孩接受了礼物，爱玩不忍释手。
The little girl accepted the gift, liking it so much that she could scarcely take his eyes off it.
3、忽视这一点就不能掌握和运用世界上先进的科学技术成果，不能很好地解决我国建设中遇到的重大问题。
Negligence in this respect will make it impossible for us to master and apply the results of advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems in our construction.
4、过街愈当心愈好。 礼貌是值得尽量尊重的。
You cannot be too careful in crossing the street.
Good manners cannot be too much valued.
（三）、用意译法比字面直译更能确切反映原意时。（汉语成语，俗语，诗歌翻译等）
1、山不在高，有仙则名。
Any mountains can be famous with the presence of an immortal.
2、 a)，引人瞩目 b)，温厚儒雅 c)，抡滩上海 d)，大展鸿图
a), attractive b), pacific c),swarm in Shanghai
d), very well realize one’s ambition
3、三个和尚无水吃。
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
4、前不见古人，后不见来者。念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下。
Before me, unseen are the ancients,
Behind me, unseen those to come,
Thinking of this infinite universe
Alone, in my sorrow, I shed tears.
（四）、有时为了适应某种文字体裁的要求，译文只译出原作的大意。（如图片说明词，展览会上的实物介绍等）
1、 区中心大道
Plant Central Avenue
2、“跃马擒敌”
Hunting Down the Enemy
3、湄洲岛位于台湾海峡通道里,是莆田市湄洲湾上的一个小岛,面积１４平方公里,人口３.５万多,因供奉妈祖的“湄洲祖庙”闻名世界。
Located in the Taiwan Straits, Meizhou Island is a small island with a total area of 14 square kilometers and a population of 35thousand. It is well-known home and abroad for the first Mazu Temple.
4、二百公里航道上，遍布着无数险滩。险滩上，江流汹涌，回旋激荡，水击礁石，浪花飞溅，声如雷鸣。
Numerous shoals scattered over the 200kms course give rise to many eddies.
Pounding on the midstream rocks, the river roars thunderously.
掌握一些常用的英汉，汉英对译的翻译技巧可以激发高中学生英语学习的兴趣。因为学了就会用，一劳永逸，简直是文字游戏。我们视之为学习英语过程中的一种有用的思维工具，不应该把它定位于教学法。毋宁说这是一种学习法，或“应付考试法”更确切。在解答数学题时，我们曾用过归纳法、演绎法、归谬法等，为什么我们在解答英语习题时不可用翻译法呢？下面有４０道汉译英练习。第一部分着重某一种技巧的运用，第二部分要运用二种以上的技巧。参考答案与提示并不是唯一的。你可以自己创新，写出更美、更富有表现力的句子。愿同学们青出于蓝胜于蓝。
（一）
1、我们不是为食而生，乃是为生而食。（增益，加连词）
2、良药苦口利于病。（选词用字）
3、那大学的入学试题很难，我不知能否考取。（分清主从）
4、似乎有稍加说明的必要。（增益，加主语）
5、做人不可醉生梦死。（找主语意译）
6、中国古话说，女子无才便是德。（正说反译，反说正译）
7、公平地说一句，他一直是一个好丈夫，也是一个好父亲。（不定式用法）
8、我觉得那问题很难解决。（词序调整）
9、我们的身体和衣服都要保持清洁，以免生病。（转换并句）
10、我国向来尊重学问。（无主句，用被动语态）
11、太阳落山了，我们回家去。（分词独立结构）
12、请代我谢谢他的礼物。（选词用字句
13、言归正传，他们当天便结婚了。（不定式用法）
14、贪爱钱财是万恶之源。（转换词类）
15、他赚了一大笔钱，他母亲高兴极了。（并句）
16、他易于满足。（选词用字）
17、知人知面不知心。（无主句，加主语）
18、人谁无过。（增益，加介词）
19、不自由毋宁死。（反说正译）
20、几家欢乐几家愁。（增益，加连词）
21、他硬不肯听，要我怎样去说服他。（并句）
22、人生不满百，常怀千岁忧。（选词用字）
23、如果合算的话，我就接受那个工作。（选词用字）
24、各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。（选词用字）
25、打得赢就打，打不赢就走。（增益）
26、凭舟极目望去，远处是黛色青山和五彩斑斓的田野。（增益）
27、前怕龙后怕虎的态度不能造就干部。（省略）
28、获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。（转换）
29、这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。（省略）
30、使我们失望的是他不顾大局。（反说正译）
II
1、小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大国的侵略。（分清主从，词序调整）
2、天下大乱达到天下大治。（选词用字，转换）
3、不学会技术，长期当外行，管理也搞不好。（分清主从，增益）
4、雷锋的形象，教育我们，鼓舞我们。（增益，省略）
5、在党的领导下，依靠广大人民群众的力量，是我们战胜一切困难的根本保证。
（转换，找出合适的主语）
6、一九四二年十一月，德国法西斯军队在斯大林格勒附近大败。（词序调整，被
动语态）
7、这充分表明我们党兴旺发达，后继有人。（正说反译，反说正译）
8、不辜负全国人民和全世界人民对我们的希望。（反说正译，词序调整）
9、对于这些人，并不发生刺激与否的问题，刺激也是那样，不刺激也是那样，因为他们是反动派。（长句拆译，分清主从）
10、人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。（长句拆译，增益，转换）
参考译文：
1、 We do not live in order to eat, but we eat in order to live.
2、 Good medicine tastes bitter, but is good for a disease.
3、 As the examination questions of that university are very difficult,
I doubt if (It is uncertain that) I shall pass the entrance examination.
4、A few words of explanation appear necessary.
5、One must not sleep or dream one’s life away.
6、 An old Chinese proverb says that too much learning does not become a woman.
7、To do him justice, he has always been a good husband and a good father.
8、 I found it difficult to solve that problem.
9、 We should keep our bodies and clothes clean not to be attacked by illness.
10、 Learning has always been held in high esteem in our country.
11、 The sun having set, we went home.
12、 Return him my best thanks for the present.
13、 To return to the subject, they got married the very day.
14、 The love of money is the root of all evil.
15、 To the joy of his mother, he won a lot of money.
16、He is content with very little.
17、 We know men’s faces, not their minds.
18、Among men who is faultless?
19、Give me liberty or give me death.
20、 Some families are making merry while others are suffering from poverty.
21、 How can I convince him when he will not listen?
22、 A man does not live a hundred years, yet he worries enough for a thousand.
23、 I will undertake the work, if it pays.
24、 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership.
25、 Fight when you can win, move away when you cannot.
26、 Leaning against the boat, you can see dark green mountains and gorgeous fields in the far distance.
27、 “fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres.
28、 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.
29、 These new cars were fast, efficient and handy.
30、 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.
II
1、 The people of a small country can defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their hands the destiny of their own country.
2、 Great disorder across the land leads to great order.
3、 If they don’t learn any technical skills and remain outsiders for a long time, they don’t be able to do management well either.
4、 The brilliant image of Lei Feng educates and inspires us.
5、 Leadership by the Party and reliance on the strength of the masses are the fundamental guarantees for overcoming all difficulties.
6、 The German fascist army was badly defeated at Stalingrad in November 1942.
7、 This fully shows that our Party is flourishing and has no lack of successors.
8、 Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.
9、 With regard to such reactionaries, the questions of irritating does not arise. Irritated or not, they will remain the same because they are reactionaries.
10、 The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.
“深入浅出”这个成语原意是指把深奥的内容用浅显的言语表达出来，英语可译为：“explain the profound in simple terms”。翻译法学英语也可算是深入浅出。但应作别解。学习翻译法不太容易，所以要深入；但学会了之后，就很好用了，可以“浅出”。因此也具有深入浅出的含义。有点“踏破铁鞋无处觅,得来全不费工夫”的意境了.下面四篇汉语短文,与英语书面表达所要求的程度相近。动手试译一下，你一定会感到太好译了，简直是小菜一碟。恭喜你成功了！
一
大家请注意，有事要通知。十二月８日星期五下午２点在学校演讲厅有个讲座。主讲人是《人民日报》的张力先生，他准备演讲的内容是中美关系。要求大家都要出席。请认真听讲并做好笔记。如有问题要问，请写在纸条上然后传给讲演人。讲座结束后，我们要在班上讨论。
不要迟到。就这些了。谢谢大家。
二
亲爱的编辑同志：
我的家乡以前是个美丽的地方。到处都可见到浓密的树木和绿色的草地。人们为了建造房屋、垦荒多种庄稼，越来越多的树木砍倒了。几乎整座森林随着岁月的流逝而遭毁灭。逐渐形成了这种情况，青山变成荒地，河流干涸。结果沙尘暴时时侵袭我们的家园，我们深受其害。所以我多么希望全民应该体会到没有保护环境而产生的可怕的后果。还有，我们应该保护那座森林并多植树，不要只是为了改善生活而乱砍伐。
三
随着迈进电脑时代，我们感到生活上与电脑息息相关。有成千上万种电脑学习软件及电脑游戏，新花样层出不穷。
然而，不同的人们对电脑的利用大相径庭。我校很多学生借助电脑课程，学习上已突飞猛进。同样的时间里，有些学生玩起电脑游戏来依依不舍，这使他们学习上远远地落后于同班同学。甚至有些同学成了流生。
据我看来，我们应该充分合理地利用电脑。电脑能扩大我们的知识面，拓宽我们的胸怀。我们不应当埋头于电脑游戏中毁灭自己。
四
多亏希望工程的实施，一所乡村学校发生了巨大的变化。
以前这学校叫做李家庄小学。由于家庭困难交不起学费，大部分学生辍学了。那座仅有的危房要用来做教室。所有的教师们共住一间。操场上除了空地什么也没有。
现在情况可不同了。辍学儿童都回校继续学习。一座双层的教学楼直立在校园内。有音乐室、美术室、还有教学用的电脑室。学校的体育器材配备精良。
希望工程给李家庄小学带来了极大的利益。出自这种原因，学校改名为“希望小学”。
参考译文： Ｉ，
May I have your attention, please? I have something to tell you. There will be a lecture in the school auditorium at 2:00 pm. December 8,Friday. The lecture will be given by Mr. Zhang Li from the People’s Daily. He is going to speak about the Sino-American relations. Everybody is required to be present. Please listen attentively and take notes. If anybody has a question, please write it down on a slip of paper and pass it to the speaker. After the lecture, we’ll have a discussion in class.
Don’t be late.
That’s all. Thank you!
II,
Dear editor,
In the past my hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and green grass could be seen everywhere. In order to build houses and grow more crops, people cut down more and more trees. As time went on, the whole forest was almost destroyed. Gradually, the green hills have changed into wasteland and the river has dried. As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which we suffered a lot. So, I do hope all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment. What’s more, we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions.
III,
As we step into the computer age, we find our lives more and more connected with computers. There are thousands of learning software and computer games and new ones are coming each day.
However, different people make different use of computers. In my school, lots of students have made rapid progress in their study with the help of computer-based learning programs. Meanwhile, some students find it hard to pull themselves away from computer games, which makes them fall far behind their classmates in their study. Some even have dropped out of school.
In my opinion, we’d make best use of computers. Computers can broaden our knowledge as well as our minds. We shouldn’t ruin ourselves by burying ourselves into playing computer games.
IV,
Thanks to the Hope project, great changes have taken place in a country school.
This school used to be called Lijiazhuang School. Most of its pupils left school because their families were too poor to pay for their education. The only unsafe schoolhouse had to be used as classrooms. And all the teachers shared one room. The playground was nothing but an open land.
Things are different now. All the children who left school have come to continue their studies. In the schoolyard stands a two-storeyed teaching building. There are rooms for music, art and computer teaching. The school is well equipped with sports goods.
The Project benefits the school a great deal. For this reason, it was renamed Hope School.
一、对原句进行准确拆分
语法体系不完善的同学应该牢记并不断用真题巩固原句拆分，能够快速、准确定位连词、引导词、介词、分词、单词to和重要意群标点符号以在最短时间内完成长句意群解拆并明确句子主干。理清句子结构层次至关重要：在翻译句子之前，先通读全句，注意一边读一边拆分句子的语法结构。
二、高频率复现词的词义选择
考试试题中，重点词汇和重点词组都有重复出现现象，这使得词汇和常用词组在翻译过程当中得分点更加集中，但相应的是风险更大，如果核心单词掌握出现漏洞，可能出现在一篇文章中同一个知识点反复丢分的现象。考试前熟练把握词缀分析、上下文提示、中文习惯搭配、同近词义替换四大选词原则，并能够在遇到生词时能够多元化思维综合应用上述技巧。在试卷中，大部分的翻译错误都是起因于理解错误，翻译出来的意思与是原文相悖，甚至大相径庭，造成严重的扣分现象，甚至是零分。
三、语句的整体翻译，踩准得分点
翻译中最主要的依然是定语和定语从句，以及定语从句中限语从句和非限制性定语从句的位置处理、分词和介词短语作后置定语的翻译、状语的翻译定位和顺序、名词性从句(主、宾、表)的翻译为重中之重！在阅读部分对于长、难句多加注意并尝试在中文语境内根据翻译技巧理论尝试翻译，并反复修改以锻炼流畅构建中文长难句的能力。被动语态和虚拟语气的翻译是关键得分点。同时，能够正确处理否定结构、并列结构的译文句式选择。
四、对句子进行修饰润色
将直译过来的句子再加工，选用的词汇要准确，句子结构要符合我们的表达习惯。在准确理解英语句子的含义后，用一些修饰性的词汇进行润色。由于语法以及表达方式上的差异，所以在翻译的时候必须做相应的调整和改变，使我们的读者阅读译文时感到自然流畅。
1)忠实
是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整而准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。
例1：He had words with her.
[误]：他和她谈过话了。
[正]：他和她吵架了。
[注释]：have a word with sb.与某人谈话，而have words with sb.与某人吵架。
例2：We shall not want for food.
[误]：我们不想什么食品。
[正]：我们不会缺乏食品。
[注释]：want vt.想要，想得到；want for缺乏。
2)通顺
是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。
例1?Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization.
[原译]：历史上看，城市生活一直是构成文明的方面之列。
[改译]：从历史上看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。
例2. Supporters of the "nature" theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined.
[原译]："天性"论的支持者坚持，我们出生时带有某种学习能力，这种学习能力从生物学上讲已是被确定了的。
[改译]：支持"天性"论的人坚持说，我们生来就具有一定的学习能力，这是由生物因素决定的。
3)忠实与通顺的关系：忠实是通顺的基础，通顺是忠实的保证。不忠实于原文而片面追求译文的通顺，则译文就失去自身的价值，成为无源之水，无本之木，也就不成其译文了。但是，不通顺的译文，使读者感到别扭，也必然影响对原文的准确表达，因而也就谈不上忠实了。可见，忠实与通顺是对立的统一，两者的关系反映了内容与形式的一致性。所以，我们说，忠实是译文质量的基础，而通顺则是译文质量的保证。
在研究生英语入学考试阅卷时，我们发现，有的译文与原文意思相悖，也有的译文文理不通，影响了对原文意思的准确表达。
例1?The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill?informed or incompetent users.
[原译]：这个目标是错误的，因为批评家们转移了视线，把错误归于信息不通或技术不佳的使用者。
[改译]：把标准化考试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自使用者对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
例2?For example, they don't compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favourable circumstances.
[原译]：例如，它们不能弥补整个社会的不平等现象，因此也不能说明如在更合适的情况下，生活条件不利的年轻人怎样才能成长。
[改译]：例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
汉译英翻译(2)
汉译英短文翻译
1.近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字）
难点注释：
1）城市化urbanization
2）加速阶段an accelerating phase
3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems
4）远非?一所能及surpass
5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit
2.世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字）
难点注释：
1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS
2）头号罪魁the chief culprit
3）使……丧失deprive of
4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV
3.当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字）
难点注释：
1）传真机fax machines
2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment
3）占主导地位dominate
4. 2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字）
难点注释：
1）数码相机digital camera
2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards
3）按快门press the shutter
4）液晶显示屏the LCD screen
5.由于历史、政治和经济上的原因，全世界讲英语、用英语的人为数最多。但是英语之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英语自身的一些特性和特点不无相关。其中最重要的一点就是英语特别容易接受和适应—英语中的词汇吸收了全世界几乎所有主要语言的材料。（113字）
难点注释：
1）流行popularity
2)自身特性和特点qualities and characteristics in itself
3）不无相关have to do with
4）容易接受和适应receptive and adaptable
5）吸收take into
6.多年来，家长和老师都曾得到过这样一种信息：尽量利用任何机会表扬孩子，对他们所干的任何事情都要说好—据说这样做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年来许多教育家和儿童心理学家正在得出一种完全相反的结论，他们认为对孩子往往少一些赞扬为好。（113字）
难点注释：
1）得到信息get the message
2）尽量利用任何at almost any opportunity
3）自尊self-esteem
4）儿童心理学家child psychologist
5）得出完全相反的结论drawing a completely different conclusion
7.会议期间，有3个问题受到了特别重视，它们是：加强和巩固农业在国民经济中的地位和作用，提高农民收人；调整和改进产业结构，改进和加快区域性经济发展；努力工作，加快下岗工人就业和再就业步伐，改善社会保障制度。（100字）
难点注释：
1）受到特别重视be highlighted for special attention
2）加强和巩固consolidate and strengthen
3）调整和改进readjust and optimize
4）区域性经济regional economies
5）下岗工人laid-off workers
8.当今世界的竞争是人才的竞争。因此，党中央决定从海外我们的留学生中，从香港、澳门、台湾吸收和利用人才来加强我们在世界上的竞争能力。引进这些人才的重点是那些开放程度越来越大、竞争越来越激烈的部门，比如说银行、保险等行业，以及国有大型企业的管理层。（120字）难点注释：
1）人才talented professionals.
2）海外留学生overseas students
3）吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of
4）引进人才introduce talented people from outside
5）银行、保险业banking，insurance industry
6）国有大型企业large state-owned enterprise
9.我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源；有纵横全国的大小山脉，生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产；有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）
难点注释：
1）广大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land
2)给我们以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing
3）纵横全国的大小山脉mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth
4）广大的森林，丰富的矿产with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits
5）给我们以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation
6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas
10.温哥华的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族团体所作的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。温哥华则是加拿大最大的多民族城市。现今的180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。（120字）
难点注释：
1）温哥华Vancouver
2）多民族团体multi-ethnic groups
3）智慧和勤奋的结晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此处可根据上下文进行转换调整：the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people
4）地广人稀a vast，under-populated country
5）不是本地出生的not born locally
11.人体是由各种类型的细胞构成的，这些细胞多达50万亿，它们之间相互联系，相互依赖。如果丧失其中的某些细胞，比如说失去构成整条腿的细胞，将会严重影响其余所有肌体组织；而像心脏或肾脏之类的器官，哪怕相对较少的细胞受到严重损害，也可能会最终导致所有50万亿细胞的死亡。（128字）
难点注释：
1）万亿trillion
2）相互联系，相互依赖interrelated and interdependent
3）影响其余的所有肌体组织handic即all the rest of the organism
4）最终导致end by...，lead to...
l2.不同的篇章、体裁在直译与意译的趋向程度上往往有所不同。一般来说，文献类和新闻报道的翻译多采用直译，因为翻译这类文献关键在于译文的准确性；而对诗歌散文、戏剧电影、小说传记等以情动人的作品，翻译时应多采用意译，以充分再现原文的意境情趣。（115字）
难点注释：
1）直译与意译literal translation and free translation
2）不同程度地to some extent
3）多采用be preferable to（something）
4）文献literatures，documents
5）关键在于the crux lies in
6）以情动人的作品emotional works
7）原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works
13.从20世纪中叶到21世纪中叶的一百年间，中国人民的一切奋斗，则是为了实现祖国的富强、人民的富裕和民族的伟大复兴。这个历史伟业，我们党领导全国人民已经奋斗了五十年，取得了巨大的进展，再经过五十年的奋斗，也必将胜利完成。（105字）
难点注释：
1）20世纪中叶the mid-20th century
2）奋斗endeavor
3）民族的伟大复兴the nation immensely rejuvenated
4）历史伟业historic cause
14.中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立后才成为国家的事业。目前，一个全国范围的体育运动网已经建立起来，这方面的开支也被列人国家预算之中。在过去的五十年中，由于体育工作者和体育运动员的共同努力，我国的体育运动取得了可喜的成绩。（123字）
难点注释：
1）经历undergo
2）国家的事业an undertaking of the state
3）体育运动网network for physical culture
4）列人国家预算 include in the state budget
5）可喜的成绩gratifying achievement
15.展望新世纪初的国内外形势，未来五到十年，是我国经济和社会发展极为重要的时期。世界新科技革命迅猛发展，经济全球化趋势增强，许多周边国家正在加快发展。所有这些既对我们提出了严峻挑战，也为我们提供了迎头赶上、实现跨越式发展的历史性机遇。（127字）
难点注释：
1）极为重要的时期an extremely important period
2）全球化趋势the economic globalization trend
3）周边国家neighboring countries
4）严峻挑战severe challenge
5）跨越式发展development by leaps and bounds
16.森林给人提供木材，还能调节气候、保持水土、防风固沙、改善水质、防烟防尘、消毒杀菌、减少噪声、美化环境、维持及改善生态平衡。如果没有绿色植物不断制造氧气和吸收有害的气体，人类就无法生存。人们的健康与空气的优劣有关，而空气的优劣又与森林的多少有关。（122字）
难点注释：
1）调节气候regulate climate
2）保持水土conserve water and soil
3）防风固沙wall off wind，fix sands
4）消毒杀菌sterilize（purify）the air
5）生态平衡ecological balance
17.许多树木都能吸收空气中的有害物质和致癌物质。林区空气中的细菌数量只有无林区的百分之一，而百货商店内每立方米空气中则含有四百多万个细菌。绿化区可以使噪音减弱四分之一左右。森林上空和附近的空气的含水量比无林地区多百分之十至二十。（112字）
难点注释：
1）致癌物质cancer-causing substances
2）每立方米per cubic meter
3）含水量moisture content
18.到2020年，全世界癌症的发病率有可能增加50个百分点，每年可能将出现1500万新病例。世界健康组织全球癌症报告指出，如果不采取积极的预防措施，这样的趋势将无法避免。因为这是从已经形成的生活习惯—例如抽烟—滋生出来的。（101字）
难点注释：
1）癌症的发病率cancer rate
2）世界健康组织The World Health Organization
3）无法避免inevitable
19.生物学家发现，每年有10万多只信天翁被渔船杀死。如果不采取紧急措施，几十年之后，大部分的信天翁种类都会灭绝。信天翁有极强的耐力和航海能力，能够绕地球飞行几圈而不着陆。它们一生的行程约有一千多万英里，相当于往返地球与月球之间50次。（112字）
难点注释：
1）信天翁albatross
2）紧急措施urgent action
3）灭绝extinguish，be wiped out
4）耐力endurance
20.据研究人员统计，接下来的几十年，欧洲人口将持续减少。目前欧盟国家的妇女平均生1.5个孩子，而为了保持人口替代率，每个妇女至少要生两个孩子。即便从现在开始妇女增加生育数量，人口减少的趋势仍将持续几十年，因为他们的下一代中愿意成为父母的人比这一代的要少。（122字）
难点注释：
1）持续减少continue to decline
2）替代率replacement rate
3）人口减少的趋势the tendency to population decline
答案
1 In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually，building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.
2 Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa，it deprives jobs of the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.
3 In today"s China，fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study，in 2002，China needed about 2 million fax machines，but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones.
4 Digital cameras sold an astonishing 5．1 million throughout the US in 2000，up from 3．1 million in 1999. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple reason：they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You don"t have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen.
5 The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.
6 For years，parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity，that saying“good job”for everything they do，as they believe，helps raise their self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion：less praise is often better for their children.
7 During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers" income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network．
8 In today"s world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan. This will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking，insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc.
9 China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.
10 Vancouver"s prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver，including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast，under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 1．8 million residents，half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four residents.
11 A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types，all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells，such as those making up an entire leg，will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism，and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ，such as the heart or kidneys，may end by killing all 50 trillion.
12 Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so，to some extent，need different translating ways. Generally speaking，literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures，for the crux of these literatures lies in accuracy. On the other hand，free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry，prose，drama，film，novels，autobiography，etc．，so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.
13 All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong，the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress，and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.
14 China"s sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949，when the People"s Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes，gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50 years.
15 Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century，it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China"s economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.
16 Apart from providing people with timber，forests help regulate climate，conserve water and soil，wall off wind，fix sands，improve water quality，keep away smoke and dust，sterilize（purify）the air，reduce noise，beautify surroundings，maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man"s health is closely related to the quality of the air，which in turn is decided by the size（extent）of forests.
17 Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1％of that in a deforested area，while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest.
18 Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 percent by 2020，reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organization"s World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established.
19 Biologists have discovered that fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation，and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives，they fly more than 10 million miles，the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon.
20 According to researchers" estimate，Europe"s population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1 ．5 babies are born for every European Union woman，when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again，the tendency to population decline would continue for decades，as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.
汉译英翻译(3)
Unit 1
1. 我们应该学会处理我们生活中遇到的问题。(deal with)
2. 我明白了实现目标意味着勇于面对挑战。(means)
3. 5岁孩童中只有百分之四十能享受学前教育。(have access to)
4. 他说他不愿意以牺牲他的业余时间为代价接受这份工作。(at the cost of)
5. 楼上收音机的声音妨碍了我的工作。(interfere with)
6. 钟每隔20分钟敲响一次，因此现在应该是11点20分。 (at … intervals)
7. 这本书获得了好评，但是从实际销售情况来看，它并不太成功。(in terms of )
8. 很明显，事情的发展让我大失所望。(turn out)
Unit 1
1. We should learn to deal with the problems that we meet in our life.
2. I have understood that realizing the goal means facing challenge bravely.
3. Only 40% of 5-year-old children have access to pre-school education.
4. He said that he would not like to accept this job at the cost of his spare time.
5. The sound of the radio upstairs interfered with my work.
6. The bell rings at 20-minute intervals, which means it is 11:20 now.
7. The book has been well reviewed, but in terms of actual sales it hasn’t been very successful.
8. Obviously, I’m disappointed at the way things have turned out.
Unit 2
1. 在我了解所有的事实之后，我就能给你提出建议了。(be in a position to do)
2. 我们轮流值夜班，这样就不会有人总是夜班了。(rotate, shift)
3. 她又一次第一个想出了增加销售量的新主意。 (come up with, boost)
4. 在父亲的帮助下，她十几岁时就在电影界取得了成功。(make it)
5. 一有人走进屋子，孩子们就开始炫耀起来了。(show off)
6. 即使你与她意见相左，她的话也值得听一听，毕竟她很有经验。(even though)
7. 我们想鼓励学生参与学院的管理工作。(participate in)
8. 他已获准恢复自由，条件是他离开这个国家。 (grant)
Unit 2
1. When I know all the facts, I’ll be in a position to advise you.
2. We rotate the night shift so that no one has to do it all the time.
3. Once again, she became the first to come up with a new idea for boosting sales.
4. With her father’s help, she made it in films when she was still a teenager.
5. The children start showing off as soon as anyone comes into the house.
6. Even though you do not agree with her, she’s worth listening to. After all, she is very experienced.
7. We want to encourage the students to participate fully in the running of the college.
8. He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.
Unit 3
1. 起火时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。(flee in panic)
2. 我看见这小男孩溜进厨房，偷了一条面包。(slip, make off with)
3. 最终，这位法官允许布朗夫妇收养这个无家的孤儿。(eventually, adopt)
4. 众所周知，如瑜珈等放松的方法能缓解压力对身体造成的不良反应。(ease, stress)
5. 所有的乘客都从一辆巴士转到另一辆巴士。(transfer)
6. 虽然我们遭受了严重的自然灾害，但我们一定能克服一切困难。(suffer from)
7. 人们担心那些老兵可能熬不过冬天。 (veteran, survive)
8. 当马克想起那起事故时，仍感到恼火。(upset)
Unit 3
9. Office workers fled in panic as the fire broke out.
10. I saw the little boy slip into the kitchen and make off with a loaf of bread.
11. Eventually, the judge permitted the Browns to adopt the homeless orphan.
12. As is known to all, relaxation techniques like yoga can ease the harmful effect of stress on the body.
13. All passengers were transferred out of one bus and into another.
14. Though we suffered from serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
15. There are concerns that those veterans may not survive the winter.
16. It still upsets Mark when he thinks about the accident.
Unit 4
1. 小偷看见远处的警察转身就逃。(turn on one’s heel)
2. 这是你出的主意，所以要是出什么差错的话，我将惟你是问。 (responsible)
3. 一些人认为，对大多数的男人来说，爱情只不过是他们人生的一个插曲。(episode)
4. 我讨厌他这种逆来顺受的懦弱性格。(turn the other cheek)
5. 艾丽丝太粗鲁无礼了，你该教训她一下了。(put sb. in his / her place)
6. 他在一次宴会上堵住了我，非要和我大谈他那艰难的童年，无聊得我要死。(corner)
7. 当他有这种古怪情绪时，我怎么也不能让他理解我的意思。 (get to sb.)
8. 你怎么能不顾一切反对意见而一意孤行呢？(cling to)
Unit 4
9. The thief turned on his heel and ran when he saw the police in the distance.
10. 2. It was your idea, so if anything goes wrong I shall hold you personally responsible.
11. 3. Some think that for the majority of men, love is but an episode in his life.
12. 4. I hate to see his weak personality that makes him simply turn the other cheek.
13. 5. Alice is too rude; it’s time you put her in her place.
14. 6. He once cornered me at a party and bored me to death about his difficult childhood.
15. 7. When he’s in this strange mood, I just can’t get to him.
16. 8. How could you set aside all the objections and cling to your own course?
Unit 5
1. 缩小贫富差距是政府面临的主要难题之一。(challenge)
2. 他还拿不定主意，但我相信我们最终肯定能把他说服。(win over)
3. 他帮助了我，并希望我能为他做点儿事作为报答。(in return)
4. 你或者不让孩子靠近药箱，或者把药箱放在孩子拿不到的地方。(keep away from)
5. 所有的行李都在机场受到检查，以确定其中没有危险物品。(screen)
6. 多年来，这个部门建立了一个知识的宝库。(build up, reservoir)
7. 我想要一杯咖啡，还有一杯水。(as well)
8. 他非常绝望，因而威胁说要结束自己的生命。（so … that, put an end to）
Unit 5
Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government.
2. He hasn’t made up his mind, but I’m sure we’ll win him over in the end.
3. He helped me, and in return hoped that I could do something for him.
4. You should either keep your child away from the medicine box, or keep the box away from them.
5. All luggage is screened at the airport to make sure it contains nothing dangerous.
6. The department has built up a reservoir of knowledge for many years.
7. I’d like a cup of coffee, and a glass of water as well.
8. He was so desperate that he threatened to put an end to his life.
Unit 7
1. 在我看来，取得成功的最佳途径是努力工作。(get ahead)
2. 让我们感到失望的是, 我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝，不管它们的价值如何。(regardless of)
3. 我感到他做错了什么事，可我又没有根据。(base … on)
4. 我跟你说话的时候，你要留心听! 不然你会漏掉一些重要信息。(pay attention)
5. 一些人已经注意到生活方式的任何改变都将影响一个人的健康。(have an effect on)
6. 这两个政党从选举以来就一直彼此冲突。(in conflict with)
7. 护士在照顾病人时，要尽很多责任。(fulfill)
8. 我们不想听你的想法，只讲事实！(stick to)
Unit 7
1. In my opinion, the best way to get ahead is through hard work.
2. To our disappointment, all our proposals were rejected regardless of their merits.
3. I feel he was doing something wrong, but I have got nothing to base it on.
4. Pay attention when I’m talking to you, otherwise you’ll miss some important information.
5. Some people have noticed that any change in lifestyle will have an effect on one’s health.
6. The two parties have been in conflict with each other since the election.
7. A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick.
8. We do not want to hear your opinions; stick to the facts!
Book 1
Unit 1
1. 我已经戒掉睡前吸烟的坏习惯，再也不用听妻子不断地发牢骚了。(give up)
2. 与其他同龄人不同的是，他迷恋京剧。(set apart from; be addicted to)
3. 她对他用情至深，愿意克服任何障碍与他结婚。(so that; obstacle)
4. 只是在考试成绩出来之后，我才意识到必须更加刻苦才能不落后。(only; keep up with)
5. 作为主要谈判人，她在打破双方之间的障碍上创造了奇迹。(miracle)
6. 您无需担心，男士是不允许进入这个房间的。(need; allow sb. to do sth.)
7. 如果要我在上大学还是去工作两者间选择，我会选择前者而非后者。(instead of)
8． 尽管说明书上说“一次吃一片”，他还是一下子吃了三片。(in spite of; at a time)
Book 1
Unit 1
1. Having given up the bad habit of smoking before bedtime, I no longer have to hear my wife complaining all the time.
2. What sets him apart from other people of his age is that he is addicted to Beijing Opera.
3. She is so much in love with him that she’s ready to overcome any obstacle to marry him.
4. Only after the result of the exam came out did I realize I would have to work harder to keep up with the others.
5. As chief negotiator she has performed miracles in breaking down barriers between the two sides.
6. You don’t need to worry. Men are not allowed to get into this room.
7. If I had to make a choice between going to college and finding a job, I would choose the former instead of the latter.
8. In spite of the instruction of taking one pill at a time, he took three all at once.
汉译英翻译(4)
广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。
The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities.
故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。
The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace.
《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。
Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its steady and serious style.
倡导低碳生活，提升公民节能减排意识是应对全球变暖的重要措施。低碳生